#1 What creates energy?
Nothing. Energy is only every transferred, never created or destroyed.
The energy has always existed but it is in an endless but finite loop.
#2, 10 & 11 Infinite or finite?
Space has a finite volume (and finite energy), but no center or edge. Yet you could fly a spaceship in a straight line forever and never get to a place with no stars visible in the front window.
How could that be? it's a 4-dimensional sphere (but we can see only three dimensions). A "dimension" is a direction you can point in that is 90º away from every other direction. "Up-down" is one dimension, and "left-right" is another, and the third is "close-far away". We can't point in the direction of the fourth dimension because the length of any line pointing in that direction is a negative number.
[Yes really. Smartasses: see the signature of the interval metric equation. ct squared has the opposite sign of the space values].
If you threw a baseball fast enough and wait long enough, it will cross the universe and hit you in your *** (but there are reasons you can't actually throw it that fast).
It's easier to understand if you think in 3 dimensions instead of 4. An ant on a large sphere can step out of his front door and walk in a straight line. He thinks his "world" is flat, because the sphere is too big for him to see that it curves. But if he walks long enough, he will walk into his back door and say "no way! That's impossible!"
Note that the sphere had no edge, but still had finite surface area.
Well, that's what's going on in four dimensions.
#3 Is the Universe Expanding?
Yes. Radiometric dating confirms this.
#4 What creates order?
Funny thing is everything you see is a not a result of order. Everything has been caused by chaos. A series of causes and effects.
Look up Chaos Theory.
#5 Are there Oceans under the earth's mantle?
Actually, most likely yes!
Huge 'Ocean' Discovered Inside Earth | LiveScience
#6 - 8 Are we expanding?
9 year WMAP image of the cosmic microwave background radiation (2012). The radiation is isotropic to roughly one part in 100,000.
(Answer: Yes, everything is expanding outward.)
#9 How is matter created?
E=MC2
Energy creates Matter, Matter creates Energy.
But for reference,
[youtube]b6cbaMj883c[/youtube]
#10, 11 - See #2
In case you are confused...
Energy is Matter. So if energy is finite so is matter. Energy can only be transferred, never destroyed.
#12 Does Gravity Push or Pull?
Gravity is the attraction of mass to other mass. It is a "pull" rather than a "push" in that light.
Not really. This is a 17th century Newtonian way of looking at Gravity. A
According to Einstein's theory of General Relativity, gravity is a push. The space around an object is malleable and is warped by that object. So in Earth's case the Space is pushing us back down to earth.
There are many arguments for both pull and push when it comes to gravity, a search of the internet will lead you to many arguments for both push and pull
I disagree with the above Gravity is still a PULL rather than a PUSH Anyone else care to add ?
No it is a pushing effect. Think of earth as being immersed in pool of dark matter, which could also be described as Einstein's Space-time stuff, it is pressure of that displacement on neutral particles in your body and other everyday stuff that results in the downward force. An interesting fact that proves this is that as soon as you go underground you become slightly lighter. Another fact is that when you go into space just outside of the atmosphere you become weightless within a relatively short distance (Note from J. Craig: This is not true. You feel weightless if you are falling around the Earth, which is called orbit.). If it were a pulling force you would lose weight at the inverse square law and it does not happen that way. Also if you consider the Moon as shielding us from gravity rather than pulling us, it would create the same effect.
Now, while the above is a very good example of the theoretical background of the advancement of gravity discussions, it's mostly useless to someone wanting applicable knowledge about gravity.
With this said, gravity is BOTH a push and a pull. Think about a horse and carriage. To the observer, the horse is pulling the carriage. To the horse, however, it feels as though it's pushing on the chest brace to move the carriage. Even in engineering calculations using vector forces, the difference between push and pull doesn't matter much when doing calculations with particle physics.
The difference between push and pull is merely a semantic argument.
#13 How are there springs in the bed of the sea?
These are usually caused by tectonic shifts and hydrothermal vents.
#14 Difference between God and Nothing?
There is a big problem with this.
First you have to define God.
If we are talking about anything that could have resulted in the origin of life, you could say the universe is God.
Nothing would indicate that neither you nor I exist.
I am, in a sense, God. I make powerful decisions that effect other people and myself in my daily life.
No one ever considers "nothing".
#15 Can something be created from nothing?
With out current understanding of physics, no.
Of course the physics we observe today most likely did not exist before the big bang, so it is completely speculative. But as of now, the answer is no.
#16 Which came first energy or matter.
If you watched the video above you would now know that energy came first.
#17 Everything is expanding so what draws it together.
Everything is expanding while the matter is interacting with each other. This interaction is known as gravity. Gravity causes the creation of solar systems, planets, stars, and black holes, etc.
#18, 19 If space is empty/nothing/something...?
"space" is the place of which all matter and energy exists.
space is just a big vacuum. its just a bunch of nothingness. No air or anything. We can move through it just like you can move in a vacuumed container.
The mythbusters use a vacuum for many of their experiments, such as testing a flags movement in space.
[youtube]yhab86KoVjU[/youtube]
#20 Does a rotating sphere have more force outside in or inside out?
This makes a fun experiment. The truth is it has an equal force.
You can watch this video and observe how this works.
[youtube]BxyfiBGCwhQ[/youtube]
I hope I answered your questions well enough. :danana: