It's a little difficult to say from this, karma, or a similar concept, exists in many religions and with deities, it depends what you mean by that. There are many definitions of the word. So what is your definition of it? Have you also looked into Paganism? There are many forms of it, it's an umbrella term so there might be something there for you.
There are "deities" in both Shinto and Buddhism but they're not really the same as western definition of gods. In Buddhism, from what I understand of Mahayana, they're representations of values, like Guan Yin (or Kannon in Japanese) is the boddhisattva of compassion, the ideal image of that virtue. They're not worshipped, but venerated which is different. It's a simple general explanation but I'm sure you can find more information, you can look her up! There's many other deities but I used her as an example because I am fond of her. Maybe someone can explain it better, since I am not that knowledgeable. but I wanted to give you a simple general picture to start with.
In Shinto, there's Kami... They're very hard to define. To be honest, I'm not sure I entirely understand it. But they are literally everywhere and in everything. They're in rocks, trees, mountains and even man made objects! It's maybe difficult to understand because of a language barrier, Japanese having words and concepts that don't exist in English.
Your description might also perhaps fit with some other religions, but perhaps some other more knowledgeable people could suggest them.
Overall, my advice is that you should try reading as much as you can. There's a lot of websites that have free information. Start from there and maybe you can later get some books too. Don't feel in a hurry to call yourself something, there's no rush and nothing bad will happen. You're still very young and there's a lot of time to explore ideas. Heck, I'm almost double your age and am still exploring.
Also you can mix other things with Buddhism, a lot of people do this, especially in East Asia. I'd like to say also to keep in mind though that Shinto is very tied in with Japanese people, the culture and the country... You need to do some serious research to not be disrespectful of it and understand it properly. But there are a few non-Japanese Shinto and there's some priests and shrines outside of Japan. Or maybe you could inspire yourself with it and not call it Shinto? Just a thought. There's also animism and other god concepts in various Pagan religions.
I'm however happy that your parents are ok with you believing in something else. You're lucky because some families are really harsh, speaking from personal experience. Good luck on your journey!
Based on what you posted, I would say neither, but definitely not Shinto considering it's an ethnic/indigenous religion and you're not Japanese.
There are some non-Japanese Shinto practitioners and Shrines. The first non-Japanese ordained priest is Rev. Barrish who studied under Rev. Yukitaka Yamamoto the 96th priest of Tsubaki Grand Shrine, one of Japan's oldest shrines. The American shrine in which he is the head of, is affiliated with that shrine, iirc. Don't think he could have been ordained if Shinto was entirely closed off to foreigners. I'll grant it to you, it's quite rare. I think one needs to be very serious about it and respectful.