Here's
one ancient religion and their Gods. Revealed or made up by the people?
Sumerian religion was the
religion practiced and adhered to by the people of
Sumer, the first
literate civilization of
ancient Mesopotamia. The Sumerians regarded their
divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders.
[3]:3–4
Before the beginning of kingship in Sumer, the city-states were effectively ruled by theocratic priests and religious officials. Later, this role was supplanted by kings, but priests continued to exert great influence on Sumerian society. In early times, Sumerian temples were simple, one-room structures, sometimes built on elevated platforms. Towards the end of Sumerian civilization, these temples developed into
ziggurats—tall, pyramidal structures with sanctuaries at the tops.
The Sumerians believed that the universe had come into being through a series of
cosmic births. First,
Nammu, the primeval waters, gave birth to
Ki (the earth) and
An (the sky), who mated together and produced a son named
Enlil. Enlil separated heaven from earth and claimed the earth as his domain. Humans were believed to have been created by
Enki, the son of Nammu and An.
Heaven was reserved exclusively for deities and, upon their deaths, all mortals' spirits, regardless of their behavior while alive, were believed to go to
Kur, a cold, dark cavern deep beneath the earth, which was ruled by the goddess
Ereshkigal and where the only food available was dry dust. In later times, Ereshkigal was believed to rule alongside her husband
Nergal, the god of death.
The major deities in the Sumerian pantheon included An, the god of the heavens, Enlil, the god of wind and storm,
Enki, the god of water and human culture,
Ninhursag, the goddess of fertility and the earth,
Utu, the god of the sun and justice, and his father
Nanna, the god of the moon. During the
Akkadian Period and afterward,
Inanna, the goddess of sex, beauty, and warfare, was widely venerated across Sumer and appeared in many myths, including the famous story of her
descent into the Underworld.
Sumerian religion heavily influenced
the religious beliefs of later Mesopotamian peoples; elements of it are retained in the mythologies and religions of the
Hurrians,
Akkadians,
Babylonians,
Assyrians, and other Middle Eastern culture groups. Scholars of comparative mythology have noticed many parallels between the stories of the ancient Sumerians and those recorded later in the early parts of the
Hebrew Bible.