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Can Animals Experience Happiness?

Penumbra

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Complex animals can certainly experience fear, pain, and suffering to various extents, but do you think they can experience happiness and pleasure?

Sometimes I worry whether animals have a lopsided ability to experience happiness and suffering. Animals can experience tremendous cruelty by people or in the wild, but it's harder to tell whether they can experience a strong positive sense of well-being as well.

I only have a moderate amount of experience with animals. I subjectively observe that dogs, cats, and birds seem to experience something akin to pleasure or happiness. They enjoy being pet, and seem to experience the emotion of excitement. But what about other animals? What do you think?
 

Sunstone

De Diablo Del Fora
Premium Member
I think it's probable that humans share most -- very likely all -- of the physiological basis for experiencing happiness with other animals.
 

Madhuri

RF Goddess
Staff member
Premium Member
Absolutely!
I am a big animal lover. I've spent a lot of time with animals, observing and playing and petting. It has always been very obvious to me that animals share most emotions that humans experience including happiness and distress. It is even observed by professionals that some animals display a certain level of empathy.

A quote I really like is this:

“there is no fundamental difference between man and the higher mammals in their mental faculties…” and that while the differences between us are significant, the diversity“…certainly is one of degree and not of kind.” Darwin, The Descent of Man.
 

Christian Gnosis

Active Member
Complex animals can certainly experience fear, pain, and suffering to various extents, but do you think they can experience happiness and pleasure?

Sometimes I worry whether animals have a lopsided ability to experience happiness and suffering. Animals can experience tremendous cruelty by people or in the wild, but it's harder to tell whether they can experience a strong positive sense of well-being as well.

I only have a moderate amount of experience with animals. I subjectively observe that dogs, cats, and birds seem to experience something akin to pleasure or happiness. They enjoy being pet, and seem to experience the emotion of excitement. But what about other animals? What do you think?

I believe animals are sentient beings that feel all these things yes. I also believe other things about animals.
 

Kathryn

It was on fire when I laid down on it.
I am an avid animal lover. Currently I only have one cat and two dogs, but I've owned ferrets, birds, rats, mice, fish, turtles, a tarantula, and a skunk before. I've witnessed what I would consider happiness and pleasure in varying degrees in all of the mammals, and the bird. Mice and skunk to a lesser degree. The ferret and the rats were VERY expressive, affectionate, and seemed quite joyful most of the time. I'm not kidding - those crazy rats were as excited to see me when I got home as any dog ever thought about being! The bird showed interest and interacted a lot, and was very expressive about DISpleasure, but was harder to read when it came to what I would call happiness. He did show affection though, which was touching.

The tarantula was a complete dud. Same with the turtles. I'm sure the feeling was mutual.

But of course I'm superimposing my own emotions onto the actions of my pets.

However, there is no doubt in my mind that my current pets - my cat Cato, and my two dogs Josie and WhoDat - feel pleasure and happiness, and even some form of love and/or devotion to my husband and me. My cat is 17 pounds and my dogs weigh over 50 pounds each, and yet they all vie for a spot in our laps - apparently they yearn for affection and petting, and are thrilled to receive it, and give back in return.

I can't imagine life without them!


My two dogs when they were still puppies a few months ago (they are both a year old this month).


Cato eyeing the Christmas tree - thinking of the pleasure he would feel if he allowed himself to just tear off into it...
 

Penumbra

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Thanks for the posts.

I do agree with the quote from Darwin, but I think that a certain level of complexity is necessary for certain things.

To a certain extent, I do feel that dogs, cats, and some birds can experience happiness, as I described in the OP. I don't think it's a coincidence that those are the ones that are regularly chosen as pets, since they tend to be fairly intelligent and among the most expressive of animals. Apes and monkeys would also fall into this category.

What about things like cows, pigs, bears, whales, reptiles, deer, and pigeons? All of those creatures can suffer, but I find it hard to tell whether they can experience happiness as well. I imagine that pigs and whales do, as they are also quite intelligent (if perhaps a bit less expressive), but I don't know about the rest.
 

TheQueenCat

Animal Lover
Absolutely! They really know how to be happy and show us :) not only cats, dogs, birds but also all animals experience happiness, pleasure.. :)
 

Madhuri

RF Goddess
Staff member
Premium Member
What about things like cows, pigs, bears, whales, reptiles, deer, and pigeons? All of those creatures can suffer, but I find it hard to tell whether they can experience happiness as well. I imagine that pigs and whales do, as they are also quite intelligent (if perhaps a bit less expressive), but I don't know about the rest.

It's hard to know with animals that are less expressive.
I would say that cows experience happiness and excitement. I've had cows in my backyard for over 6 years and I see, especially with the calves, how excited and happy they seem at times, running around and playing. It's harder to see an emotional range with the older cows.

I would presume that bears experience a wide range of emotions, but I haven't spent time with them to know.

But why would an animal that experiences sadness not be able to experience joy?
 

croak

Trickster
I'm occasionally happy. ;)

Happiness can be subjective, but in the case of pleasure, it seems clear most animals can experience it.

What about things like cows, pigs, bears, whales, reptiles, deer, and pigeons? All of those creatures can suffer, but I find it hard to tell whether they can experience happiness as well. I imagine that pigs and whales do, as they are also quite intelligent (if perhaps a bit less expressive), but I don't know about the rest.
I'd say yes to all of them.

http://www.livescience.com/animals/pig-emotions-happiness-deciphered-100727.html Interesting article.

http://www.psychomedia.it/rapaport-klein/panksepp05.htm Laughter in animals?
 

Penumbra

Veteran Member
Premium Member
It's hard to know with animals that are less expressive.
I would say that cows experience happiness and excitement. I've had cows in my backyard for over 6 years and I see, especially with the calves, how excited and happy they seem at times, running around and playing. It's harder to see an emotional range with the older cows.

I would presume that bears experience a wide range of emotions, but I haven't spent time with them to know.

But why would an animal that experiences sadness not be able to experience joy?
I'm not sure if the words sadness and joy are what I would use to label animal emotions. Contentment, excitement, pleasure, fear, pain, and suffering, are somewhat more appropriate terms I think, except for maybe a few animals. It's possible that they experience joy and sadness as well, but those are much more complex and subjective things and harder to discuss.

It seems to me that an organism's capability to experience pain is vastly higher in magnitude than an organism's ability to experience pleasure. Humans are able to derive happiness and sadness from a variety of sources other than just physical sensations, such as through accomplishment or failure, love or hate, expression or bottling things up. Animals, however, seem to be more limited to physical things and perhaps some instinctual behaviors for which they can derive something akin to happiness from. So for them, I worry whether their ability to suffer exceeds their ability to be happy.

Here's a few examples:

-When I drive past a farm, I see cows just kind of standing there in fields, grazing. I know they can certainly experience immense suffering and pain, but can they experience an equal degree of pleasure, contentment, and excitement as they stand there and eat grass with blank expressions in their faces?

-I had a pet boa constrictor once, and I liked it a lot for several years. It could certainly feel pain, and when they shed, they become temporarily very uncomfortable until the process is finished. Other times, he would just slither around, with no expression (like all reptiles), and I would let him explore and would hold him a bit. Unfortunately, he eventually had a case of mites, and my father used anti-mite medicine on it that apparently caused it to die. Unable to do anything, I watched it die, as it frantically writhed around, likely in pain, until it eventually stopped and was dead. So it was able to clearly express suffering and distress but unable to express pleasure and contentment, if it even experienced those things at all.

-My father has a pet parrot. She clearly enjoys being pet, and is very expressive, so whenever I visit I am sure to pet her a lot. But during all other times, she basically just sits there. She's very healthy and beautiful because she takes care of herself, and so she has no signs of being unhappy, but for the most part it's hard to tell how she feels at a given time. In the late afternoon, she always becomes more vocal and seems to get a little bit excited. But since it happens every day at around the same time like clockwork, I wonder whether she's truly excited and content with her instinctual behavior, or whether she's basically just running on auto-pilot and not deriving any satisfaction from doing it. As a complex animal, she's certainly capable of experiencing immense suffering if something were to happen to her, and she is capable of feeling and expressing pleasure as I pet her and scratch her neck and rub her under her wings, but I'm not sure if she's capable of experiencing a large degree of happiness and contentment.

-When I watch a documentary on tv and see lions, they often don't look particularly comfortable. Sometimes they have flies all over their face, or they look really hot, or they are emaciated, and they sleep most of the day and fight over bloody carcasses when they manage to kill something. I wonder whether, during their lives, they experience a degree of contentment, pleasure, and excitement to balance out the apparent difficulties they face. (And did that killed animal, such as a wildebeest or something, have the capability of deriving pleasure and contentment from life before it suffered a death by lions?)
 

Madhuri

RF Goddess
Staff member
Premium Member
Yes, it definitely seems that animals in general have more cause to suffer than to be happy.

I have lived with varieties of parrots since I was a little kid. I know for sure that they experience happiness, excitement, contentment etc. My Rishi gets excited when he thinks he is coming out of the cage. He expresses happiness when he is close to myself or my parents, when he gets to play with a toy (like a tea towel- he loves tea towels) or when he gets to explore around the house. When he is happy, he fluffs up his feathers, sometimes he will talk and whistle, his crest rises high, etc. When he is content, he fluffs his feathers a lot and is very calm. When is is unhappy he makes a lot of noise to let you know! And when he is grumpy, he makes particular sounds and gestures. He is a very emotional bird! And highly expressive.

So at least with parrots, I'd say they definitely have this high range of emotions. And I'll also say that it's important to keep in mind that some animals will only display happiness if they have cause to be happy- if Rishi was stuck in his cage every day, I would never see him happy. I don't think that many animals have great cause to be happy. It's a tough life out in the wild. And I'm pretty sure I'd be bored to death if I was a cow!
 

Shadow Wolf

Certified People sTabber & Business Owner
I find no reason to not think so. They show signs of depression, anxiety, shock, being upset, and scared, and when my dog jumps up to lick me in the face when I get home I can't think of any other emotion she would be experiencing other than excitement and joy upon my return.
 

TJ73

Active Member
I know they do and it is probably measurable. Certain activities produce an endophine surge, like stroking and licking and in many social animals "talking" and greeting. It is mystifying just how aware some animals really are.
 

Madhuri

RF Goddess
Staff member
Premium Member
It is mystifying just how aware some animals really are.

What I actually find mystifying is the human tendency to ignore the awareness of animals and just treat them like any other object. That is truly mystifying to me.
 

TJ73

Active Member
I agree. Like so many things ,we are self absorbed and rarely find time to reflect on what is in front of us.
 

Kathryn

It was on fire when I laid down on it.
Here are two examples of dogs experiencing pleasure and seeming to be QUITE happy!


WhoDat after his Christmas dinner


Josie after HER Christmas dinner!
 

Autodidact

Intentionally Blank
happy-dog.jpg
 

Member71934

New Member
Complex animals can certainly experience fear, pain, and suffering to various extents, but do you think they can experience happiness and pleasure?

Sometimes I worry whether animals have a lopsided ability to experience happiness and suffering. Animals can experience tremendous cruelty by people or in the wild, but it's harder to tell whether they can experience a strong positive sense of well-being as well.

I only have a moderate amount of experience with animals. I subjectively observe that dogs, cats, and birds seem to experience something akin to pleasure or happiness. They enjoy being pet, and seem to experience the emotion of excitement. But what about other animals? What do you think?

The way I see it, seemingly animals can have happiness, and of course pleasure. However, when they're pets it seems they're being restrained from their natural selves. Imagine if you were in a cage with a giant of a completely different species having "affectionate" faces towards you whether you'd want this situation or not. ...perhaps pet ownership doesn't seem to be the most "cute" or innocent thing if you think about it that way.
 
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