It's hard to know with animals that are less expressive.
I would say that cows experience happiness and excitement. I've had cows in my backyard for over 6 years and I see, especially with the calves, how excited and happy they seem at times, running around and playing. It's harder to see an emotional range with the older cows.
I would presume that bears experience a wide range of emotions, but I haven't spent time with them to know.
But why would an animal that experiences sadness not be able to experience joy?
I'm not sure if the words sadness and joy are what I would use to label animal emotions. Contentment, excitement, pleasure, fear, pain, and suffering, are somewhat more appropriate terms I think, except for maybe a few animals. It's possible that they experience joy and sadness as well, but those are much more complex and subjective things and harder to discuss.
It seems to me that an organism's capability to experience pain is vastly higher in magnitude than an organism's ability to experience pleasure. Humans are able to derive happiness and sadness from a variety of sources other than just physical sensations, such as through accomplishment or failure, love or hate, expression or bottling things up. Animals, however, seem to be more limited to physical things and perhaps some instinctual behaviors for which they can derive something akin to happiness from. So for them, I worry whether their ability to suffer exceeds their ability to be happy.
Here's a few examples:
-When I drive past a farm, I see cows just kind of standing there in fields, grazing. I know they can certainly experience immense suffering and pain, but can they experience an equal degree of pleasure, contentment, and excitement as they stand there and eat grass with blank expressions in their faces?
-I had a pet boa constrictor once, and I liked it a lot for several years. It could certainly feel pain, and when they shed, they become temporarily very uncomfortable until the process is finished. Other times, he would just slither around, with no expression (like all reptiles), and I would let him explore and would hold him a bit. Unfortunately, he eventually had a case of mites, and my father used anti-mite medicine on it that apparently caused it to die. Unable to do anything, I watched it die, as it frantically writhed around, likely in pain, until it eventually stopped and was dead. So it was able to clearly express suffering and distress but unable to express pleasure and contentment, if it even experienced those things at all.
-My father has a pet parrot. She clearly enjoys being pet, and is very expressive, so whenever I visit I am sure to pet her a lot. But during all other times, she basically just sits there. She's very healthy and beautiful because she takes care of herself, and so she has no signs of being unhappy, but for the most part it's hard to tell how she feels at a given time. In the late afternoon, she always becomes more vocal and seems to get a little bit excited. But since it happens every day at around the same time like clockwork, I wonder whether she's truly excited and content with her instinctual behavior, or whether she's basically just running on auto-pilot and not deriving any satisfaction from doing it. As a complex animal, she's certainly capable of experiencing immense suffering if something were to happen to her, and she is capable of feeling and expressing pleasure as I pet her and scratch her neck and rub her under her wings, but I'm not sure if she's capable of experiencing a large degree of happiness and contentment.
-When I watch a documentary on tv and see lions, they often don't look particularly comfortable. Sometimes they have flies all over their face, or they look really hot, or they are emaciated, and they sleep most of the day and fight over bloody carcasses when they manage to kill something. I wonder whether, during their lives, they experience a degree of contentment, pleasure, and excitement to balance out the apparent difficulties they face. (And did that killed animal, such as a wildebeest or something, have the capability of deriving pleasure and contentment from life before it suffered a death by lions?)