Levite
Higher and Higher
Again, the fairest we can make things is through making our basic, minimal rights equal for all. Doing that provides the greatest freedom, but also the greatest responsibility. The one overriding necessity is integrity in government and even more importantly, in the people.
Agreed. Basic human rights should be guaranteed. That seems self-evident.
I agree that we must live without regard to whether there's a God or an afterlife or not. It does help, however, to do things you know you're going to look back on during your life (hopefully with pride) all the way up to the end. If you believe in a hereafter, and there turns out to be one, so much the better; it's just that there's no way to know until you get there, which would be part of the test. What choices do we make when no one is watching....and when everyone is. That's free will.
I think one of the primary purposes of religion is to provide a framework and methodology for structuring and generating personal ethics and social justice. So I think it's not so much that we should live "without regard to whether there's a God or an afterlife or not:" it's that our interpretations and understandings of our sacred texts and traditions should be oriented toward effective moral and spiritual lives. If our theologies end up generating hatred, violence, oppression, etc., then they are bad theologies, and better interpretations are needed.
In any case, in Judaism, at least, we are taught that we are not supposed to do right in order to achieve some sort of reward from God. We are supposed to do it because it is right; and because God values justice and compassion, and our pursuit of those ideals pleases Him. That is why such a large amount of what God has taught us and what we are commanded has to do with social justice and personal ethics.