I do agree there is too much advertising for stuff we don't need. But this is not the real driver of climate change: it just tends to make things a bit worse. As I have been saying elsewhere, the big four are our heating (and cooling), our transport, our diet and our electricity generation.
One of the reasons I am attracted to carbon taxes is that they would charge companies according to the carbon footprint of all their activities, which would give them a real incentive to work in low carbon ways. But perhaps methane emissions should also be included. So, to take your example, beef from intensively reared cattle would incur a penalty, which would start to drive MacDonalds away from hamburgers.
Of course, with an emissions footprint tax - if we call it that - the cost of paying it will get priced into the goods and services we buy, or into wages for employees being lower than they would be otherwise, so we all pay in the end. There is no magic money tree, after all. But it would drive behaviours in the right direction, rather the free-to-emit situation we have now.
What I see at present is that much of the pollution has come from the developed industrialized world, which has been wealthier and better able to build and maintain the infrastructure for energy distribution, transportation, pipelines, etc. This, among other things, has made many people's lives easier and more luxurious, to a large degree.
That's what capitalists might point to, as they'll point out all the consumer goods and other items available to the common man - TVs, computers, smartphones, cars, SUVs, RVs, air conditioning, McMansions on their 3.3 acre plot of land. That's what many might call "living the good life" and realizing the American Dream. That's what it's all about.
The capitalists say that anyone who works hard enough can realize that dream and end up owning all this really cool stuff and wonderful energy-consuming gadgets.
And of course, they want to open it up to the entire world, with a global capitalist economy. All the people in the developing world want to enjoy the benefits of a modern, industrial economy and have all that cool stuff, too. A while back, I was reading an article about young professionals in India, who were more affluent and could afford to have air conditioning in their homes - a luxury which was pretty rare in that country. But he wanted it and could afford it, and why not? He wanted to have his parents move in and enjoy the comforts of a nice, air-conditioned home. How could anyone fault him for that?
Even if we assume that the governments and corporations of the world have the best of intentions, and assuming that all they want is a free, peaceful world where all the nations cooperate in a free and open market. Moreover, we're assuming a goal where the underdeveloped parts of the world would ultimately be developed and modern - with all the benefits of industry and technology which have benefited the West, then where will it leave us?
Many people condemn the burning and destruction of the Amazon rainforest, but then again, the people doing this are just working class average Joes trying to eke out a living as best they can in a capitalist economy. Because they really have no other choice. They're doing exactly what the capitalist ideologues would have them do: Work hard, and the financial rewards will be yours.