Between 1934 and 1940, under Lysenko's admonitions and with Stalin's blessings, many geneticists were executed (including Agol, Levit, and Nadson) or sent to
labor camps. The famous Soviet geneticist
Nikolai Vavilov, was arrested in 1940 and died in prison in 1943. Genetics was stigmatized as a "bourgeois science" or "
fascist science" (due to the fact that fascists — particularly the
Nazis in Germany — embraced genetics and attempted to use it to justify their theories on
eugenics and the
master race). Some Soviet geneticists, however, survived and continued to work in genetics, dangerous as it was.
In 1948, genetics was officially declared "a
bourgeois pseudoscience"; all geneticists were fired from work (some were also arrested), and all genetic research was discontinued.
Nikita Khrushchev, who fancied himself as an expert in agricultural science, also valued Lysenko as a great scientist, and the taboo on genetics continued (but all geneticists were released or rehabilitated posthumously). Only in the middle of the 1960s was it waived.
As a consequence, Lysenkoism caused serious, long-term harm to Soviet biology. It represented a serious failure of the early Soviet leadership to find real solutions to agricultural problems, allowing their system to be hijacked by a charlatan — at the expense of many human lives. Lysenkoism also spread to China, where it continued long after it was eventually denounced by the Soviets.
Almost alone among Western scientists,
John Desmond Bernal, Professor of
Physics at
Birkbeck College, University of London and a
Fellow of the Royal Society, made an aggressive public defense of Lysenko and some years later gave an obituary of ‘
Stalin as a Scientist.’
Lysenkoism also had a profound affect in China during its
Great Leap Forward. Lysenko's absurd agricultural guidelines were blindly and wholeheartedly adopted by Mao Zedong, and then forced upon Chinese peasants.
This resulted in widespread crop failure and consequently famine among the countryside and rural populations.