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Early Christians Against Abortion

  • Thread starter angellous_evangellous
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A

angellous_evangellous

Guest
In my reading I have found a few early Christians against abortion.

Here are a few quotes from early writers - all available from www.earlychristianwritings.com.

Clement of Alexandria is quoting the extra-canonical Apocalypse of Peter:

"
1. From Clement of Alexandria's so-called Prophetical Extracts, a series of detached sentences excerpted from some larger work, generally supposed to be his Hypotyposes or Outlines:
a. (41.1) The Scripture saith that the children which have been exposed (by their parents) are delivered to a care-taking angel by whom they are educated, and made to grow up, and they shall be, it saith, as the faithful of an hundred years old are here (in this life). b. (41. 2) Wherefore also Peter in the Apocalypse saith: And a flash (lightning) of fire leaping from those children and smiting the eyes of the women.
2. Ibid. (48 . 1 ) The providence of God doth not light upon them only that are in the flesh. For example, Peter in the Apocalypse saith that the children born out of due time (abortively) that would have been of the better part (i. e. would have been saved if they had lived) -these are delivered to a care-taking angel, that they may partake of knowledge and obtain the better abode, having suffered what they would have suffered had they been in the body. But the others (i.e. those who would not have been saved, had they lived) shall only obtain salvation, as beings that have been injured and had mercy shown to them, and shall continue without torment, receiving that as a reward.

[But the milk of the mothers, flowing from their breasts and congealing, saith Peter in the Apocalypse, shall engender small beasts (snakes) devouring the flesh, and these running upon them devour them: teaching that the torments come to pass because of the sins (correspond to the sins).]

3. From the Symposium (ii.6) of Methodius of Olympus (third century). He does not name his source. Whence also we have received in inspired writings that children born untimely -even if they be the offspring of adultery- are delivered to care-taking angels. For if they had come into being contrary to the will and ordinance of that blessed nature of God, how could they have been delivered to angels to be nourished up in all repose and tranquillity? And how could they have confidently summoned their parents before the judgement seat of Christ to accuse them? saying: Thou, O Lord, didst not begrudge us this light that is common to all, but these exposed us to death, contemning thy commandment.

[The word rendered care-taking in these passages is a very rare one- [temelouchos, Gr.]: so rare that it was mistaken by later readers for the proper name of an angel, and we find an angel Temeluchus in Paul, John, and elsewhere. A similar case is that of the word Tartaruchus, keeper of hell, which is applied to angels in our Apocalypse, and is also taken in the Ethiopic version, in Paul, and in other writings, to be a proper name."]

NOTE: editorial notes are not mine. From http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/apocalypsepeter-mrjames.html.
 

athanasius

Well-Known Member
In my reading I have found a few early Christians against abortion.

Here are a few quotes from early writers - all available from www.earlychristianwritings.com.

Clement of Alexandria is quoting the extra-canonical Apocalypse of Peter:

"
1. From Clement of Alexandria's so-called Prophetical Extracts, a series of detached sentences excerpted from some larger work, generally supposed to be his Hypotyposes or Outlines:
a. (41.1) The Scripture saith that the children which have been exposed (by their parents) are delivered to a care-taking angel by whom they are educated, and made to grow up, and they shall be, it saith, as the faithful of an hundred years old are here (in this life). b. (41. 2) Wherefore also Peter in the Apocalypse saith: And a flash (lightning) of fire leaping from those children and smiting the eyes of the women.
2. Ibid. (48 . 1 ) The providence of God doth not light upon them only that are in the flesh. For example, Peter in the Apocalypse saith that the children born out of due time (abortively) that would have been of the better part (i. e. would have been saved if they had lived) -these are delivered to a care-taking angel, that they may partake of knowledge and obtain the better abode, having suffered what they would have suffered had they been in the body. But the others (i.e. those who would not have been saved, had they lived) shall only obtain salvation, as beings that have been injured and had mercy shown to them, and shall continue without torment, receiving that as a reward.

[But the milk of the mothers, flowing from their breasts and congealing, saith Peter in the Apocalypse, shall engender small beasts (snakes) devouring the flesh, and these running upon them devour them: teaching that the torments come to pass because of the sins (correspond to the sins).]

3. From the Symposium (ii.6) of Methodius of Olympus (third century). He does not name his source. Whence also we have received in inspired writings that children born untimely -even if they be the offspring of adultery- are delivered to care-taking angels. For if they had come into being contrary to the will and ordinance of that blessed nature of God, how could they have been delivered to angels to be nourished up in all repose and tranquillity? And how could they have confidently summoned their parents before the judgement seat of Christ to accuse them? saying: Thou, O Lord, didst not begrudge us this light that is common to all, but these exposed us to death, contemning thy commandment.

[The word rendered care-taking in these passages is a very rare one- [temelouchos, Gr.]: so rare that it was mistaken by later readers for the proper name of an angel, and we find an angel Temeluchus in Paul, John, and elsewhere. A similar case is that of the word Tartaruchus, keeper of hell, which is applied to angels in our Apocalypse, and is also taken in the Ethiopic version, in Paul, and in other writings, to be a proper name."]

NOTE: editorial notes are not mine. From http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/apocalypsepeter-mrjames.html.


Do not forget about the Didache Ad 70, where there is a direct command against abortion for all Christians. "thou shall not procure abortion, nor destroy a newborn child"(Didache 2,2)
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
Do not forget about the Didache Ad 70, where there is a direct command against abortion for all Christians. "thou shall not procure abortion, nor destroy a newborn child"(Didache 2,2)

Yes... there's a few other quotes from the apostolic fathers related to this issue.
 

Terrywoodenpic

Oldest Heretic
I suspect the writings were also including those newborn infants exposed to die.
which was not uncommon through out history, and is even practised today.
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
I suspect the writings were also including those newborn infants exposed to die.
which was not uncommon through out history, and is even practised today.

Of course. It was called "exposing" children.
 

McBell

Unbound
Do not forget about the Didache Ad 70, where there is a direct command against abortion for all Christians. "thou shall not procure abortion, nor destroy a newborn child"(Didache 2,2)
I wonder what it actually says.

abortive 1394, from L. abortivus "causing abortion," from abortus, pp. of aboriri "disappear, miscarry," from ab- "amiss" + oriri "appear, be born, arise" (see orchestra); the compound word used in L. for deaths, miscarriages, sunsets, etc. The L. verb for "to produce an abortion" was abigo, lit. "to drive away." Abortion first recorded 1547, originally of both deliberate and unintended miscarriages. In 19c. some effort was made to distinguish abortion "expulsion of the fetus between 6 weeks and 6 months" from miscarriage (the same within 6 weeks of conception) and premature labor (delivery after 6 months but before due time). This broke down as abortion came to be used principally for intentional miscarriages. For much of 20c., a taboo word, disguised in print as criminal operation (U.S.) or illegal operation (U.K.), and replaced by miscarriage in film versions of novels. Abort is 1580 as "to miscarry;" 1614 as "to deliberately terminate."Since the word was not used for some 1400 years after that was written...
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
I wonder what it actually says.

abortive 1394, from L. abortivus "causing abortion," from abortus, pp. of aboriri "disappear, miscarry," from ab- "amiss" + oriri "appear, be born, arise" (see orchestra); the compound word used in L. for deaths, miscarriages, sunsets, etc. The L. verb for "to produce an abortion" was abigo, lit. "to drive away." Abortion first recorded 1547, originally of both deliberate and unintended miscarriages. In 19c. some effort was made to distinguish abortion "expulsion of the fetus between 6 weeks and 6 months" from miscarriage (the same within 6 weeks of conception) and premature labor (delivery after 6 months but before due time). This broke down as abortion came to be used principally for intentional miscarriages. For much of 20c., a taboo word, disguised in print as criminal operation (U.S.) or illegal operation (U.K.), and replaced by miscarriage in film versions of novels. Abort is 1580 as "to miscarry;" 1614 as "to deliberately terminate."Since the word was not used for some 1400 years after that was written...

What is unclear to you?
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
It appears that the translations are quite literal.

http://www.catholicplanet.com/ebooks/didache.htm - translation by Schaff

Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not commit adultery; thou shalt not corrupt boys; thou shalt not commit fornication. Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not use witchcraft; thou shalt not practice sorcery. Thou shalt not procure abortion, nor shalt thou kill the new-born child. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's goods.

http://www.ccel.org/ccel/richardson/fathers.viii.i.iii.html - translation by Richardson
2"Do not murder; do not commit adultery"; do not corrupt boys; do not fornicate; "do not steal"; do not practice magic; do not go in for sorcery; do not murder a child by abortion or kill a new-born infant. "Do not covet your neighbor's property;

I have highlighted some Greek words below... the first word is the unborn "teknon" - "child" and it is apposed to the other word highlighted in blue "gennothen" = "the one who has been born" both words are surrounded by destruction. Do not destroy the unborn child by destruction or the one who has been born.

ou) foneu&seij, ou) moixeu&seij, ou) paidofqorh&seij, ou) porneu&seij, ou) kle/yeij, ou) mageu&seij, ou) farmakeu&seij, ou) foneu&seij te/knon e0n fqora|~ ou)de\ gennhqe\n a)poktenei=j, ou)k e0piqumh&seij ta_ tou~ plhsi/on.

 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
Out of curiosity, when it was translated before 1547, what word did they use?

I don't know. I'm not sure I can easily find out, which is why I translated it from the Greek myself. The Greek is easier to access than midevil translations, at least for me.
 

McBell

Unbound
I don't know. I'm not sure I can easily find out, which is why I translated it from the Greek myself. The Greek is easier to access than midevil translations, at least for me.
Bummer.
I realize that it likely won't be an English word, but I would still be curious knowing what it was translated into before the word abortion was started being used.
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
Bummer.
I realize that it likely won't be an English word, but I would still be curious knowing what it was translated into before the word abortion was started being used.

For one thing, the Greek words used in Clement are not "abortion" but the phase "killing an [unborn] child." The reason why translators use "abortion" for this phrase is that is what "killing an [unborn] child" is in English usage. If English usage was different in the 16th century, and it likely was, "abortion" may not have been used, "causing death of an unborn child" or "murdering the unborn," etc, equally capture the sense of the Greek. Clement does not specify how one can destroy an unborn child, murder an adult, or kill a child that has been born... there are plenty of ways in the ancient world to do it. The ancients both practiced killing the unborn and the born in a variety of ways, listed in Lefkowitz and Fant, Women in the Ancient World: A Sourcebook.
 
A

angellous_evangellous

Guest
I wonder what it actually says.

abortive 1394, from L. abortivus "causing abortion," from abortus, pp. of aboriri "disappear, miscarry," from ab- "amiss" + oriri "appear, be born, arise" (see orchestra); the compound word used in L. for deaths, miscarriages, sunsets, etc. The L. verb for "to produce an abortion" was abigo, lit. "to drive away." Abortion first recorded 1547, originally of both deliberate and unintended miscarriages. In 19c. some effort was made to distinguish abortion "expulsion of the fetus between 6 weeks and 6 months" from miscarriage (the same within 6 weeks of conception) and premature labor (delivery after 6 months but before due time). This broke down as abortion came to be used principally for intentional miscarriages. For much of 20c., a taboo word, disguised in print as criminal operation (U.S.) or illegal operation (U.K.), and replaced by miscarriage in film versions of novels. Abort is 1580 as "to miscarry;" 1614 as "to deliberately terminate."Since the word was not used for some 1400 years after that was written...

Yes... I looked up abortion in the Oxford Reference Dictionary and got similar results:


1. The act of giving untimely birth to offspring, premature delivery, miscarriage; the procuring of premature delivery so as to destroy offspring. (In Med. abortion is limited to a delivery so premature that the offspring cannot live, i.e. in the case of the human f
oe.gif
tus before the sixth month.)
1547 BOORDE Brev. Health iii. 8 Abhorsion is when a woman is delyvered of her chylde before her tyme. 1646 SIR T. BROWNE Pseud. Ep. 67 Physitions..promise therein a vertue against abortion. 1778 ROBERTSON America I. IV. 297 The women by the use of certain herbs procure frequent abortions. 1869 LECKY Europ. Morals II. i. 22 The practice of abortion was one to which few persons in antiquity attached any deep feeling of condemnation.


b. fig. Failure (of aim or promise). 1710 in Somers Tracts I. 10 All the Fruit of his Labour ends in Sterility and Abortion. 1797 GODWIN Enquirer I. v. 35 Genius [may] terminate in an abortion. 1814 F. BURNEY Wanderer IV. 58 The abortion of my purpose may have made me appear a mere female mountebank.


2. Biol. Arrestment of development of any organ, so that it either remains a mere rudiment, or is entirely shrivelled up or absorbed.
1842 A. GRAY Struct. Bot. (1880) vi. §3. 179 Non-appearance of some parts which are supposed in the type = Abortion or Suppression. 1859 DARWIN Orig. Spec. (1873) v. 116 The partial or complete abortion of the reproductive organs. 1870 ROLLESTON An. Life 25 The skull of the Common Fowl differs in the abortion of the posterior crus.

3. The imperfect offspring of an untimely birth, or any dwarfed and misshapen product of generation; hence fig. the nugatory or empty result of any action.
1640 BP. HALL Christ. Mod. (Ward) 15/1 Those bodily delights..alas! what poor abortions they are, dead in the very conception. 1858 HAWTHORNE Fr. & It. Journ. I. 171 A little abortion of a man..hastened before us. 1872 O. W. HOLMES Poet Breakf. Tab. x. 315 The doctrine of man's being a blighted abortion, a miserable disappointment to his Creator. 1878 H. M. STANLEY Dark. Cont. II. iii. 74 His feet are monstrous abortions.
 

Truth_Faith13

Well-Known Member
I'm not sure what you mean by this...

What I meant was, surely the earliest of christians (as in those that followed Jesus at the time - or shortly after his death) didnt know what "abortion" as we know it was. Generally because I dont think they had the medical technology to

a) terminate the pregnancy without killing the mother
b) remove the dead foetus from the mother, again without killing the mother.

It prob wasnt even something they thought of. If they wanted to get rid of children, they prob killed the mothers, or waited til the child was born and then killed them!

I suppose it depends what you mean by "abortion"
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
What I meant was, surely the earliest of christians (as in those that followed Jesus at the time - or shortly after his death) didnt know what "abortion" as we know it was. Generally because I dont think they had the medical technology to

a) terminate the pregnancy without killing the mother
b) remove the dead foetus from the mother, again without killing the mother.

It prob wasnt even something they thought of. If they wanted to get rid of children, they prob killed the mothers, or waited til the child was born and then killed them!

I suppose it depends what you mean by "abortion"

They could do both, if we take the ancient doctors seriously. The use of herbs to kill the unborn would cause the baby to come out naturally but stillborn. I don't know of a case where a doctor removed a fetus surgically in ancient times, but Hippocrates (I think) ordered a slave girl to jump up and down violently to remove the fetus for study. I'm not sure that we can take his word on that.
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
What I meant was, surely the earliest of christians (as in those that followed Jesus at the time - or shortly after his death) didnt know what "abortion" as we know it was. Generally because I dont think they had the medical technology to

a) terminate the pregnancy without killing the mother
b) remove the dead foetus from the mother, again without killing the mother.

It prob wasnt even something they thought of. If they wanted to get rid of children, they prob killed the mothers, or waited til the child was born and then killed them!

I suppose it depends what you mean by "abortion"

They were able to do both.

Usually, herbs were taken to kill the baby and it was removed by natural birth, albeit stillborn. Women can also be punched with the same effect. I don't know if survival rates for the mothers are recorded, but it's possible.

They did think about it (because it is in the medical literature and possibly elsewhere) but Iagree that killing a born child is much more convenient, and probably more common than killing the unborn. Nevertheless, the practice is well documented in Lefkowitz and Fant's collection of texts.

Hippocrates (I think) tells of a time when he wanted to study a fetus, so he had a pregnant slave girl jump up and down until she the fetus came out. I don't know of a surgical removal.
 
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angellous_evangellous

Guest
If you have time to access it, Keith Hopkins lists the ancient Greco-Roman medical texts that discuss abortion and contraception. The bibliography is also excellent.

Contraception in the Roman Empire
Keith Hopkins Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 8, No. 1. (Oct., 1965), pp. 124-151.

See also the texts regarding ancient abortion in:

Women’s life in Greece and Rome / [compiled by] Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fant. Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
 
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