First
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God Does Not Need Souls
“Souls are unnecessary. Consciousness can come from flesh. God's memory is infinitely perfect and it knows our personality and memories better than we do. God can simply revive and restore our consciousness without the need for souls. To claim God needs souls is to deny God's omnipotency. The biological and chemical make-up of our brains and consciousness is known perfectly to God, its own memory is sufficient, God simply contains all of us. It can recreate us, including our personality and memories, as they were at any point in our life, all without the need for wobbly souls. The belief in an all-powerful God is logically incompatible with the belief in necessary souls.”
"God Does Not need Prayer, Prophets, Souls, Evangelists, etc: 6. Souls"
Vexen Crabtree (2004)
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Souls are a Pagan Concept
The concept of a soul exists in various pagan religions well before they existed in the
monotheistic, traditional "world religions". Mainstream religions inherited local pagan concepts of souls from the local, uneducated masses. For example, early Christianity inherited the beliefs of the Roman, pagan masses on 'souls'. Bertrand Russell (1935) outlines briefly the source of the
Christian idea of the soul:
“The "soul," as it first appeared in Greek thought, had a religious though not a Christian origin. It seems, so far as Greece was concerned, to have originated in the teachings of the Pythagoreans, who believed in transmigration. [... They] influenced Plato, and Plato influenced the Father of the Church; in this way the doctrine of the soul as something distinct from the body became part of Christian doctrine. [...] It appears from Plato that doctrines very similar to those subsequently taught by Christianity were widely held in his day by the general public rather than by philosophers.”
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Religion and Science" by Bertrand Russell (1935)
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In all ancient religions, the soul was the surviving aspect of the self that afforded reincarnation (or "transmigration"); in Hinduism and
Buddhism it was the source of life that passed on from one body to be reborn in another, in the samsaric cycle of life; with further incarnations being higher up or lower down in the scale according to a measure of the good (or fruitful) and bad (or deluded) actions performed during life. This concept easily translates into the
Christian concept of 'sin' and the idea of the soul thus passed from the pagan-influenced advanced
Jews of the first century, and the Roman pagans themselves, into
Christianity.
Souls do not Exist: Evidence from Science & Philosophy Against Mind-Body Dualism
"If the "soul" is an illusion, then I really wouldn't be that much different than a Neanderthal."
If souls existed why wouldn't any living thing have one?
"The higher animals have no religion. And we are told that they are going to be left out in the Hereafter."
No animals in Heaven?
If you weren't ever told about a soul or a religion you would get in.
"Eskimo: 'If I did not know about God and sin, would I go to hell?' Priest: 'No, not if you did not know.' Eskimo: 'Then why did you tell me?'"
Annie Dillard
much different than a Neanderthal
Your not and probably even have some DNA in you, but you are different and you are alive and there lots of wonderful things in and about life.
"If I don't have a soul, then life has no significant meaning for me."
You get over that and find meaning, their are lots of things that bring meaning to your life.
"I'd have no greater purpose in life than to merely follow my natural instincts for survival: breathing, drinking, eating, sleeping, dreaming, finding shelter, friendship, playing, working, having sex and procreating my genetic code."
Sounds like what your God or a God would want you to do.
"If I were to lack a "soul" which would allow me to have a spiritual existence that is beyond my bodily existence on Earth, then how would my life be that much different than a chimpanzee's life?"
I guarantee you your life and thoughts and spirit is different then chimpanzee's, so no need to compare and no need to worry about who goes where when we die, you sound worries about enternal punishment if you don't have a soul.
There is this
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What is the "soul"?
Is the soul talked about in the Bible an immortal part of human beings...or is it something else entirely?
Answer:
The Bible, in both the Old and New Testaments, repeatedly makes reference to the "soul." Mainstream Christianity generally teaches that this soul is an immortal component of human beings; that upon our death, it is released from our bodies to spend eternity in either eternal bliss or eternal torment, depending on our conduct in this life. But a closer examination of the word shows that this is not the case.
The only Hebrew word translated as "soul" in the Old Testament, nephesh , is also translated elsewhere as "creature" or "being." All three words are synonymous, whether we look at God's creation of "an abundance of living creatures [ nephesh ]" in the sea (Genesis:1:20) or that "man became a living being [ nephesh ]" (Genesis:2:7) or read God's declaration that "the soul [ nephesh ] who sins shall die" (Ezekiel:18:4).
That last verse is key to understanding the concept of a soul. If the soul is immortal, it would be impossible to say that sinning would produce death. Rather, if mainstream Christianity were correct in its doctrine of hell, Ezekiel:18:4 would have to say, "the soul who sins shall be condemned to eternal torment." But it, along with the apostle Paul inRomans:6:23, plainly states that the penalty of sin is death , not never-ending fiery torment in hell.
Given that the soul is capable of death, and taking into consideration the fact that the word translated "soul" is used in reference to all sorts of living creatures, we can only conclude that the soul talked about in the Bible is a living being itself—not an eternal component of mankind.
For further explanation of the soul, including a look at instances of the word in the New Testament and information about the "spirit in man" (Job:32:8).
Please read our booklets What Happens After Death? and Heaven and Hell: What Does the Bible Really Teach?
What is the "soul"? - Bible FAQ | United Church of God