How did the Egyptians build the pyramids?

[cladking]

Did I neglect to mention that during the day the lightest breeze disperses CO2 making it harmless. At night the wind slows and CO2 puddles in low lying areas killing every living thing that wanders into it.

Lord of fear.

If all the animals around you are dying tip toe and hurry to higher ground;

722c. Thy foot shall not pass over, thy step shall not stride through,
722d. thou shalt not tread upon the (corpse)-secretion of Osiris.
723a. Thou shalt tiptoe heaven like Śȝḥ (the toe-star); thy soul shall be pointed like Sothis (the pointed-star).

 

[cladking]

There are I believe 6 carbonated lakes in the world and they are all in Africa.

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0097/report.pdf

"In the Monoun disaster, 37 people died after walking into a visible cloud around the lake."

I can't imagine ancient people walking down into a cloud. At least not in Egypt.

The largest is Lake Kivu in Congo/ Rwanda and is home to 2,000,000 people. It is too large to siphon off all the CO2 but they do remove some as well as lots of methane used for fuel. People who live here know about CO2 because it kills several children a year since they are too short to tiptoe and hurry away. The lake itself is dangerous and there's no way to know when it becomes unstable so evacuations can begin. Africa is also home to CO2 vents and some cold water geysers. The travertine mines up and down the Nile River are likely the product of carbonic acid deposition. There are warm springs only a few miles from Giza and this area sits on a transform plate boundary that is expected to begin spreading imminently. Earthquakes while not common can be severe. The Nile in this area was once a canyon 1.6 miles deep which I believe is significantly deeper than the grand Canyon. There are caves to great depth and two aquifers flow under here where the crust is a mere 22 miles thick.

About 3% of people (including myself) can smell CO2. I suppose I'm descended from people who survived a localized bottleneck from CO2.

Egyptologists don't know anything about this stuff so how are they going to see the nature of "I3.t-wt.t"? They likely don't know much about CO2 either. They don't even know that "I3.t-wt.t" is osiris sweat despite dozens of clues in the writing. (and my continually pointing it out)

So here we are with everyone knowing everything and most of all they know I'm wrong about everything. Homo omnisciencis. People dismiss everyone who doesn't agree and they dismiss the stinky footed bumpkins who wrote the PT. Me? I know for a fact (axiomatically) that everyone makes sense but here I am with the ancients and we don't make any sense at all.

 

[shunyadragon]

Let he who is without sin cast the first stone.

You have been throwing a lot of stones,

 

[cladking]

1503a. His head is lifted up by Rē‘; his odour is [as] that of the ’Iḫ.t-wt.t-serpent.
1503b. The head of N. also is lifted up by Rē‘; the odour of N. is as that of ’Iḫ.t-wt.t-serpent.

1729b. It is agreeable to thy nose on account of the smell of the ’iḫ.t-wt.t-crown.

 

[shunyadragon]

I have always thought it bizarre that we believe rocks were cut from a quarry and then transported to the pyramid building site.

It is what he Egyptians did regardless of your bizarre thinking,

We know reconstituted lime blocks make for a far, far, better building material and explains in simple terms how the pyramids could have been constructed.

For example, this ramp discovered at the rock quarry is, IMO, an ancient limestone rock crusher, and was used to drop a much heavier, and harder, rock, such as quartz, onto the limestone to smash into smaller pieces.

Good thing it is Your opinion. No evidence of an ancient brick crusher.

These pieces could have then been put into an ancient bronze mixer, combined with smaller quartz or granite rocks, to break down the limestone even further into dust like we use today.

Yes the Egyptians formed some primitive concrete building stones.

 

[cladking]

You have been throwing a lot of stones,

Apparently the post you quoted has been deleted and I don't recall it.

I do say worse things about Egyptology I guess. In my defense I don't throw stones at peoples beliefs if they aren't presented as science. It's a weak defense I admit. Try to remember though these guys have had me hanging out to dry for twenty years and young earth creationists have never done anything to me.

 

[GoodAttention]

It is what he Egyptians did regardless of your bizarre thinking,

If it is still an unsolved mystery no thinking is too bizarre.

Good thing it is Your opinion. No evidence of an ancient brick crusher.

Any rock harder than limestone, which has a Mohs score of 3, like quartz, would be more than sufficient.

Yes the Egyptians formed some primitive concrete building stones.

How did they do that?

 

[shunyadragon]

If it is still an unsolved mystery no thinking is too bizarre.

I prefer practical and reasonable consideration grounded in science, and not "Arguing from Ignorance" based on speculation of the bizarre and mysterious,

The following reference on the construction of the pyramids is comprehensive and contains many references, It concludes that over the history of the pyramid building many methods were developed including ramps.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_of_the_Egyptian_pyramids.

Any rock harder than limestone, which has a Mohs score of 3, like quartz, would be more than sufficient.

Problem here with incorrect misinformation of basic Geological science, First, Mohs scale only applies to minerals. Quartz has a hardness of 7. Second, There are no minerals involved harder than Quartz, Third, rocks such as limestone are not measured in terms of Mohs scale. Fourth, as per reference provided involving the limestone involved there were different limestones layers quarried. Some were platy and crumbly these were easily ground up easily and used to make primitive concrete building and mortar The harder limestone. was cut for building stone, described per references.

How did they do that?

They used "some" primitive concrete and extensive gypsum slurry mortar to hold the blocks together. the reference describes how the soft crumbly layers of limestone were made into primitive concrete blocks. It remains the the major pyramids were made mostly of cut stone as referenced, Later smaller pyramids were more poorly built with variable construction materials including mud brick in the core and faced with cut stone.

Are Pyramids Made Out of Concrete? (1) – Geopolymer Institute

www.geopolymer.org

Over the centuries the techniques of making concrete were perfect until the Romans built many large structures out of concrete.

 

[shunyadragon]

The following well documented and referenced source describes in great detail the construction and construction materials documented for the Great Pyramid at Giza. This source references many sources and 228 footnotes from these and other references,

Great Pyramid of Giza - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Materials​

Wadi Maghareh
(copper)

Aswan (granite)

Lebanon (timber)

Giza (limestone)

Tura (white limestone)

Widan el-Faras (basalt)
class=notpageimage|
Origins of the materials used for Khufu's pyramid complex
The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks. Approximately 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite, and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction.[101]

Most of the blocks were quarried at Giza just south of the pyramid, an area now known as the Central Field.[102] They are a particular type of nummulitic limestone formed of the fossils of prehistoric shell creatures, whose small disc form can still be seen in some of the pyramid's blocks upon close inspection.[103] Other fossils have been found in the blocks and other structures on the site, including fossilized shark teeth.[104][105] The white limestone used for the casing was transported by boat across the Nile from the Tura quarries of the Eastern Desert plateau, about 10 km (6.2 mi) south-east of the Giza plateau. In 2013, rolls of papyrus called the Diary of Merer were discovered, written by a supervisor of the deliveries of limestone from Tura to Giza in the 27th year of Khufu's reign.[106]

The granite stones in the pyramid were transported from Aswan, more than 900 km (560 mi) south.[8] The largest, weighing 25 to 80 tonnes, form the ceilings of the "King's chamber" and the "relieving chambers" above it. Ancient Egyptians cut stone into rough blocks by hammering grooves into natural stone faces, inserting wooden wedges, then soaking these with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, breaking off workable chunks. Once the blocks were cut, they were carried by boat on the Nile to the pyramid and used a now dry offshoot of the river to transport blocks closer to the site.[107][108]

 

[cladking]

They used "some" primitive concrete and extensive gypsum slurry mortar to hold the blocks together.

This is an Egyptological belief and is not based on science TMK. They believe this because stones are fit together with optical precision AND there is "mortar" between them. If it is mortar then it was very thin when applied.

I suspect it is not mortar at all but rather calcium carbonate deposited by carbonic acid and capillary action. Until such time as these beliefs are tested we just don't know anything at all. We need data, not 19th century opinions and observations. People would be amazed how little science has been applied to any of the artefacts. Private testing has recently revealed that some of the vases dating back 5000 years are too precise to have been made by hand or on any machine available to the ancients and not even to us until the early in the 20th century.

For instance despite evidence suggesting the pyramids are older than generally believed by Egyptology and used as a benchmark for all the other ologies when C14 dating was finally done it confirmed a better date for G1 is 2750 BC rather than September 14, 2374 BC as has been bandied about by experts. But they never really changed since. Now days they often use slightly early dating but not a lot. The data aren't good enough to narrow it down to more than 100 years and there's no certainty that C14 dating is accurate in this instance. Wide ranges of dates have been found. But Egyptological dating was never founded on anything that could be calibrated but rather on opinion created by outside factors and a king's list from 1800 BC that says some kings ruled for a century!

Egyptological beliefs are founded in 19th century (and 18th century BC) beliefs that were founded in assumptions. The little bit of science being haphazardly thrown at the pyramids and artefacts invariably show there is no basis for these opinions. It is highly likely that there are fundamental errors in the assumptions that changeless savages dragged tombs up ramps and in a methodology that solved the Pyramid Texts in terms of the "book of the dead".

This is just the way it is and crying about it will change nothing at all.

 

[cladking]

Lebanon (timber)

This is not certain. It is apparent but no science confirms it and so far as I know it is based on a single line from the Palermo Stone and a later myth referencing "Byblos" which is believed to be northern Lebanon. Much of the wood used in construction and ship building was cedar which is found in Lebanon.

 

[Godobeyer]

I heard yesterday, a famous Egyptian thinker. There is no explanation.
Except that Egypt in past reach technology of disable the gravity.

 

[gnostic]

Any rock harder than limestone, which has a Mohs score of 3, like quartz, would be more than sufficient.

Quartz is a mineral, not a rock. Quartz is chemically made of silicon dioxide (SiO2), or silica.

Another basic rock minerals are feldspar and mica.

Rocks are made of minerals, and can be made of more than one type of minerals.

Take for instance, granite for instance. Granite are composed of both quartz and feldspar.

Both feldspar and mica, are chemically composed of silicate. The base chemical composition of silicate is SiO4, of which there are numbers different types of silicate, so there are many different types of feldspar, and different types of mica, depending on what other elements are bonded to the silicate and how they “crystallised”.

There are types of minerals, but quartz, feldspar and mica are 3 main types of minerals.

if you want to know more about rocks and minerals, then you really should ask @shunyadragon, as he is qualified & experienced geologist, although he is retired now.

 

[IamYourYahaweh]

They found the quarries, ramps, villages of skilled craftsmen, writings describing the construction. By the way the crafts carved their testimony on some of the blocks.

The Egyptians built the pyramids and no bumpkins

You should add i believe * if you dont want to risk being wrong. You don't know who built it at all

 

[shunyadragon]

This is an Egyptological belief and is not based on science TMK. They believe this because stones are fit together with optical precision AND there is "mortar" between them. If it is mortar then it was very thin when applied.

Scientist DO NOT believe the stones are fit together with optical precision. They are fit together with gypsum mortar and some slurry mortar,
Misinformation abounds unabated in your posts,

I suspect it is not mortar at all but rather calcium carbonate deposited by carbonic acid and capillary action. Until such time as these beliefs are tested we just don't know anything at all. We need data, not 19th century opinions and observations. People would be amazed how little science has been applied to any of the artefacts. Private testing has recently revealed that some of the vases dating back 5000 years are too precise to have been made by hand or on any machine available to the ancients and not even to us until the early in the 20th century.

The mortar used in the pyramids has been tested extensively

For instance despite evidence suggesting the pyramids are older than generally believed by Egyptology and used as a benchmark for all the other ologies when C14 dating was finally done it confirmed a better date for G1 is 2750 BC rather than September 14, 2374 BC as has been bandied about by experts. But they never really changed since. Now days they often use slightly early dating but not a lot. The data aren't good enough to narrow it down to more than 100 years and there's no certainty that C14 dating is accurate in this instance. Wide ranges of dates have been found. But Egyptological dating was never founded on anything that could be calibrated but rather on opinion created by outside factors and a king's list from 1800 BC that says some kings ruled for a century!

Unbelievably false with more misinformation without competent scientific references. Your C14 claims are bogus/

Egyptological beliefs are founded in 19th century (and 18th century BC) beliefs that were founded in assumptions. The little bit of science being haphazardly thrown at the pyramids and artefacts invariably show there is no basis for these opinions. It is highly likely that there are fundamental errors in the assumptions that changeless savages dragged tombs up ramps and in a methodology that solved the Pyramid Texts in terms of the "book of the dead".

This is just the way it is and crying about it will change nothing at all.

Yes your crying and throwing stones will not change the science behind our understanding of the pyramids as extensively referenced in posts #248 and #249, which totally contradicts your mythical nonsense.

 

[IamYourYahaweh]

Every single ramp proposal I've ever seen i can shoot down with logic alone. I don't even need to cite the evidence against it. Many of these proposals especially from Egyptology are so bad men accumulate at the top because the ramps only go up. In order to have a chance of working they would need to be at least twice as wide and there's no means to put such a ramp on the pyramid. Another common flaw is they don't account for the fact the pyramids are cladded so the ramps would have to be rebuilt. But the most common flaw is that any ramping system on the pyramid hides it so it can not be built straight. Most of these proposals have all three of these problems and few other besides. There is no possible ramping system that can account for the existence of the pyramids and the physical evidence.

No ramps.

And the real capper? The only evidence for ramps is the contention that they mustta used ramps but logic dictates it far easier, far safer, and far more comfortable for teams of men to pull stones straight up the s9ides from the tops of the steps!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Incredible isn't it? How could Egyptology have done such a poor job and not discovered what I did? It's astounding really but the simple answer is we are homo omnisciencis. We can only see what we believe. No matter how incredible like talking to the autistic or how expected like finding ramps, we only see what we believe. Even though they call themselves "linguists" they never noticed the language breaks Zipf's Law and contained almost no words. They never noticed there were no abstractions or the builders kept saying the pyramids are NOT tombs.

Egyptologists aren't really less smart than the rest of us but they are mostly probably less smart than some of the dumbest pyramid builders.

Dumbest pyramid builders yet people like you have tried to discover how they built it for thousands of years and can't.

Please don't say we see what we believe. I really hate it when somebody lumps me into a thought or belief of theirs and gets it wrong.

 

[We Never Know]

Dumbest pyramid builders yet people like you have tried to discover how they built it for thousands of years and can't.

Please don't say we see what we believe. I really hate it when somebody lumps me into a thought or belief of theirs and gets it wrong.

We can guess, speculate, assume, and even try to duplicate the way we think they did but how they actually did it is lost in time and history.

 

[IamYourYahaweh]

We can guess, speculate, assume, and even try to duplicate the way we think they did but how they actually did it is lost in time and history.

Please don't use we as i don't want to be involved in statements I don't agree with. How do you know it is lost for one? How do you know it's lost in time in history when it could be hidden or buried or in the hands of certain people.

 

[We Never Know]

Please don't use we as i don't want to be involved in statements I don't agree with. How do you know it is lost for one? How do you know it's lost in time in history when it could be hidden or buried or in the hands of certain people.

We as in people of today. Your ego is too big thinking its about you lol.

If it isn't lost in time and history produce it. Its that simple.

 

[gnostic]

Dumbest pyramid builders yet people like you have tried to discover how they built it for thousands of years and can't.

Please don't say we see what we believe. I really hate it when somebody lumps me into a thought or belief of theirs and gets it wrong.

@cladking does that a lot. If you disagree with him, he would lump along with everyone else, as being “siding” with the enemies - the Egyptologists.

He has great hatred & hostility towards Egyptology, as if every individual Egyptologists are the same.

He believed that Egyptologists are all involved in some conspiracies, especially controlling all Peer Review publishers, even Peer Review that have nothing to do with Egyptology, like biology, physics, astronomy. So he hates all Peer Review, even those that have absolutely nothing to do with Egyptology or ancient Egypt, nothing to do with pyramids.