How did the Egyptians build the pyramids?

[GoodAttention]

Incredible. I could sit here all day finding picture of these slopes YOU insist on calling ramps on everywhere including G1. All you have to do is to calculate the angles of the five steps visible in the gravimetric scan.

There are numerous pictures on the web of what Egyptologists call "accretion layers".

View attachment 100302

These are all between 70 and 72 degrees, just enough to make the coefficient kinetic friction virtually drop out of the vector equation the Weigher/ Reckoner used to calculate loads. These were vector equation called the "seven arrows of sekhmet". "Sekhmet" meant power and was depicted on the growing pyramid as the water on top;

"(Sakhmet, Sachmet or -mis, etc.) Sekhmet, whose name means “the Powerful”, is depicted as a lioness-headed woman, often with the solar disk atop her head."

The water held the potential energy needed to lift every single stone.

All you have is the belief they mustta used ramps and the knowledge that in some cases the most effective ramp would be 20 degrees. I've got pictures.

Could Sekhmet be Tefnut instead? Goddess of moisture which was known during the Old Kingdom time.

 

[shunyadragon]

Which source are you using?

How would they determine this?



We do, denying it exists is your failure of reality.

The sources of the stone for the pyramids has been documented from the different kinds of the limestones in Egypt., I gave previously described that specifically As an experienced geologist It would not be hard qt qll to visually identify the sources with simple tests, but nonetheless . . .

One sources for identifying specifically the stone used in the pyramids based on minerology.,

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/437f/7920ba05527cad477df7512bc17bba684181.pdf

1. Introduction The limestone quarries were opened in each building site or in its immediate neighbourhood. Most of the material that was used to build the pyramids at Giza was extracted in the plateau. Current investigations of the petrographic composition of the rocks used to build the pyramids as well as the conclusions related to the origin of the rock material are based on the not sufficient number of samples. These are just a few samples that were provided by the British Museum [1, 2] and the studies of Reisner and Klemm [3-5]. The Great Pyramid at Giza is the top achievement of the pyramid-builders epoch, both concerning the size and its meticulous construction. The mandator of the pyramid was Cheops, the king of the fourth dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. The plateau chosen by the king to build the pyramids was located on the edge of the desert on the western bank of the Nile River, today there exist the Cairo suburbs. The pyramid, the biggest one that has ever existed, was built on its north-eastern Corresponding author: Franc Zalewski, Ph.D., research fields: geology, mineralogy and petrography, petroarcheology, cosmology and meteors research. E-mail: [email protected]. end (Fig. 1). This ancient monument lasted for thousands of years. However, the civilization, technology and language of the ancient pyramid-builders of this miracle disappeared. In 1925 J. H. Cole, employee of the Egyptian Survey Department, announced the results of the research made using the newest methods (at that time) and until today we derive data on the Great Pyramid at Giza from his measurements [6]. The height of the most studied and measured monument of the ancient Egypt probably was 146.73 meters. It is thought that at that time on its top stood pyramidion which crowned the construction. Present height of the pyramid is about 137.28 meters. It is estimated that the four sides of the pyramid are of the following length:  the northern side: 230 meters 25.5 centimetres;  the southern side: 230 meters 45.3 centimetres;  the eastern side: 230 meters 39.2 centimetres;  the western side: 230 meters 35.9 centimetres. All walls are oriented according to the cardinal directions. Each of them is sloping at the angle of about 51°52'. The area of its base is 5.3 hectares. About 2.3 million limestone blocks was used to build the pyramid.

 

[cladking]

The ramps were removed after construction, Ramps during construction ere~20 degrees as cited,

Have any pictures? Data? Logic? Words inscribed in stone?

What exactly have you got other than net sources and Egyptologists who can't support their own arguments?

 

[cladking]

Well other than that you have not produced pictures here of any lifting method used

Sure I did.

This is the Bull of Heaven as seen through the eyes of 18th century BC people who were just as confused as you or I.

Do I need to explain it and how it became confused. I can.

 

[cladking]

You are hung up on your personal internal understanding of words

There is a LOT of physical evidence backing this theory.

It is very extensive. I cheated in solving this. I actually used the physical evidence to guide the theory as I developed it. Egyptology started with "they mustta used ramps".

The theory is based on bedrock rather than a translation of a book of magic using sources from 1000 years later. Egyptology's methodology literally could have been no worse. They'd probably had better luck throwing darts at a dartboard.

 

[Pogo]

View attachment 100305

I'm sure I was the first to notice this many years ago while chasing some dead end leads that could have implied the pyramid was an optical computer. I doubt it was.

From the top of the pyramid observers should have been able to see a complete circular double rainbow. These rainbows get a lot of attention in the PT;

1455a. for N. is a star, the light-scatterer of the sky.

They permeate ancient writing but we can't see them because we think differently.

People make connections between phenomena all the time, sometimes they are even correct, but to establish this you need evidence. The angle of rainbows is a result of physical properties of light, but the question is whether the ancient egyptians had actually determined this to be a constant and more importantly, had they intentionally built that into their design of pyramids. That one pyramid shows this angle is not sufficient evidence and they certainly didn't stand at the base of a pyramid and look up to a rainbow to see if they were placing stones in the right place. Otherwise it is as useful as saying the moon is just at the right place to make for total eclipses.

 

[cladking]

Could Sekhmet be Tefnut instead? Goddess of moisture which was known during the Old Kingdom time.

Anything is possible once you include people from after the confusion of the language.

I believe there is very very little written in Ancient Language by individuals who could speak AL. For most practical purposes this just means the Pyramid Texts. I have little doubt there is Sumerian writing in another dialect of Ancient Language but this is so highly fragmentary it might not never be solved. I worked on it for weeks just to solve one single "god".

In AL I'm quite sure that "shu" meant something very similar to what we call "normal force". "He" was the force that pushed things up. You could also think of him as momentum. When modeling the writing the best and most useful "translation" is "upward". Shu really means all these things though. "Tefnut" was "downward'. It was Downward who "made the earth high by means of her arms".

Sekhmet couldn't exist until the water went tefnut. Without tefnut there could be no power, no sekhmet. Their relationship is very close for the pyramid builders. Tefnut brings moisture to the earth 15 tons at a time as an expression of sekhmet.

 

[GoodAttention]

The sources of the stone for the pyramids has been documented from the different kinds of the limestones in Egypt., I gave previously described that specifically It was not hard qt qll to visually identify the sources with simple tests, but nonetheless . . .

One sources for identifying specifically the stone used in the pyramids based on minerology.,

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/437f/7920ba05527cad477df7512bc17bba684181.pdf

1. Introduction The limestone quarries were opened in each building site or in its immediate neighbourhood. Most of the material that was used to build the pyramids at Giza was extracted in the plateau. Current investigations of the petrographic composition of the rocks used to build the pyramids as well as the conclusions related to the origin of the rock material are based on the not sufficient number of samples. These are just a few samples that were provided by the British Museum [1, 2] and the studies of Reisner and Klemm [3-5]. The Great Pyramid at Giza is the top achievement of the pyramid-builders epoch, both concerning the size and its meticulous construction. The mandator of the pyramid was Cheops, the king of the fourth dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. The plateau chosen by the king to build the pyramids was located on the edge of the desert on the western bank of the Nile River, today there exist the Cairo suburbs. The pyramid, the biggest one that has ever existed, was built on its north-eastern Corresponding author: Franc Zalewski, Ph.D., research fields: geology, mineralogy and petrography, petroarcheology, cosmology and meteors research. E-mail: [email protected]. end (Fig. 1). This ancient monument lasted for thousands of years. However, the civilization, technology and language of the ancient pyramid-builders of this miracle disappeared. In 1925 J. H. Cole, employee of the Egyptian Survey Department, announced the results of the research made using the newest methods (at that time) and until today we derive data on the Great Pyramid at Giza from his measurements [6]. The height of the most studied and measured monument of the ancient Egypt probably was 146.73 meters. It is thought that at that time on its top stood pyramidion which crowned the construction. Present height of the pyramid is about 137.28 meters. It is estimated that the four sides of the pyramid are of the following length:  the northern side: 230 meters 25.5 centimetres;  the southern side: 230 meters 45.3 centimetres;  the eastern side: 230 meters 39.2 centimetres;  the western side: 230 meters 35.9 centimetres. All walls are oriented according to the cardinal directions. Each of them is sloping at the angle of about 51°52'. The area of its base is 5.3 hectares. About 2.3 million limestone blocks was used to build the pyramid.

Your source is extremely useful.

Look at the lack of dolomite in the pyramid blocks compared to the Giza bedrock and plateau samples.

It strongly suggests the pyramid stones were treated to remove the magnesium containing dolomite, concentrating the calcite within the final stones.

This must have been done chemically within an aqueous solution that would have required breaking the original stone down!

 

[Pogo]

Sure I did.

This is the Bull of Heaven as seen through the eyes of 18th century BC people who were just as confused as you or I.

View attachment 100306


Do I need to explain it and how it became confused. I can.

So we have a cross between a boat and a throne with penguins climbing the front and arrows adorning the rear. Somehow, you identify it a a bull whose sinews equate to ropes but how does this show a lifting mechanism?

 

[GoodAttention]

Your source is extremely useful.

Look at the lack of dolomite in the pyramid blocks compared to the Giza bedrock and plateau samples.

It strongly suggests the pyramid stones were treated to remove the magnesium containing dolomite, concentrating the calcite within the final stones.

This must have been done chemically within an aqueous solution that would have required breaking the original stone down!

The chemical reaction is simple and goes back to exactly what I’ve been saying, which is lime.

Lime in water makes calcium hydroxide, which is soluble in water. The hydroxide reacts with magnesium to form insoluble magnesium hydroxide, which would have been easily separated from the crushed limestone dissolved in saline water.

 

[cladking]

People make connections between phenomena all the time, sometimes they are even correct, but to establish this you need evidence. The angle of rainbows is a result of physical properties of light, but the question is whether the ancient egyptians had actually determined this to be a constant and more importantly, had they intentionally built that into their design of pyramids. That one pyramid shows this angle is not sufficient evidence and they certainly didn't stand at the base of a pyramid and look up to a rainbow to see if they were placing stones in the right place. Otherwise it is as useful as saying the moon is just at the right place to make for total eclipses.

They had a solid understanding of a lot of science. But what they did know they knew in their bones and could walk the walk. Like a bees waggle dance they could not only communicate in science but experience all of the reality they knew in terms of science and act accordingly. They were nothing at all like us. We are all knowing man and they were wise man.

The angle of the step sides was primarily determined by the angle where friction started dropping out and by the steepest walls they could build that were solid and stable. This was largely determined by the type of stone used and its friction against itself.

The angle of the pyramid vis a vis the rainbow is mostly a function of the logic that manifests as reality and what we could best describe as mathematics which is it quantification. But I can assure you the builders were well aware of all this and it was far more natural to them than to me. perspective always defines what is seen and for our species beliefs are paramount.

 

[cladking]

Somehow, you identify it a a bull whose sinews equate to ropes but how does this show a lifting mechanism?

I'll come back to this and explain in more detail when I have time.

For now let me ask how you would draw a linear funicular on a pyramid. There is no possible perspective that would be recognizable to the way we think. I've had a couple of artists tell me they can't do it.

 

[Pogo]

I'll come back to this and explain in more detail when I have time.

For now let me ask how you would draw a linear funicular on a pyramid. There is no possible perspective that would be recognizable to the way we think. I've had a couple of artists tell me they can't do it.

Basically like this except rather than a hill with variable slope and pylons to smooth it, with a series of equal steps as in the steps in a pyramid made of rectangular blocks. You see here, one car going up and the other going down. the pulley is in the structure at the top in the picture.

 

[cladking]

Basically like this except rather than a hill with variable slope and pylons to smooth it, with a series of equal steps as in the steps in a pyramid made of rectangular blocks. You see here, one car going up and the other going down. the pulley is in the structure at the top in the picture.

So how many times do you think I called it a "linear" funicular?

So you just ignored it and my detailed description that I've provided several times in this thread alone and showed a picture of a regular two track funicular. You do understand that these cars always and only pass in the middle? Cars don't pass ever on a linear funicular. If you ride up to the top of the pyramid in the Eastern Auxiliary Funicular you can't see the henu boat, it's filling location, or where the "wdn.t-offering is dumped. You can't see the water source or any rainbow at all. You know for a fact I'm religious and nothing I say makes any sense so you discount it before you get all the way to the period at the ends of sentences. And, no, this doesn't mean I believe young men getting out of prison begin menstruating. It seems you could at least bear with me all the way through a damn sentence.

A "linear funicular" has cars on both sides of a hill with one for water and the other for loads. The cars both go to and fro just like the builders said hundreds of times. They both went up and down out of sight of the other.

 

[cladking]

ttt

 

[Pogo]

So how many times do you think I called it a "linear" funicular?

So you just ignored it and my detailed description that I've provided several times in this thread alone and showed a picture of a regular two track funicular. You do understand that these cars always and only pass in the middle? Cars don't pass ever on a linear funicular. If you ride up to the top of the pyramid in the Eastern Auxiliary Funicular you can't see the henu boat, it's filling location, or where the "wdn.t-offering is dumped. You can't see the water source or any rainbow at all. You know for a fact I'm religious and nothing I say makes any sense so you discount it before you get all the way to the period at the ends of sentences. And, no, this doesn't mean I believe young men getting out of prison begin menstruating. It seems you could at least bear with me all the way through a damn sentence.

A "linear funicular" has cars on both sides of a hill with one for water and the other for loads. The cars both go to and fro just like the builders said hundreds of times. They both went up and down out of sight of the other.

You really don't understand mechanics, what you are describing is a 4 track funicular,or a two track if the tracks are connected over the top of the pyramid or a one track if it runs like a monorail, or a zero since the tracks are not actually needed as part of the counterbalanced system, only for the convenience of the builders and if your claim is that it can't be drawn because the other two tracks are not visible from one side or another, your friends don't know much about mechanical drawing and transparency.

This is not a question of religion but a question of what can and does happen in the world we inhabit. If you want to go down the anything I can think of in my mind is possible if I believe it, then there is no basis for conversation as I can just as well randomly believe the opposite.





Anyhow, what does a rainbow have to do with anything?

 

[GoodAttention]

The chemical reaction is simple and goes back to exactly what I’ve been saying, which is lime.

Lime in water makes calcium hydroxide, which is soluble in water. The hydroxide reacts with magnesium to form insoluble magnesium hydroxide, which would have been easily separated from the crushed limestone dissolved in saline water.

Reviewing the chemistry.

There is evidence for vinegar production in ancient times.

10% acetic acid solution has a pH of approximately 3.5. Adding lime to this solution would increase the calcium ion concentration, up to the point of precipitation of calcium acetate, whilst also increasing the pH slightly.

Staying under the point of precipitation, the cut limestone could be submerged into this solution, away from heat.

The theory is, the magnesium dolomite would react with the acetic acid, forming magnesium acetate. This salt is 4 times more soluble than calcium acetate (at neutral pH).

Whilst some of the calcium carbonate would be lost, the magnesium carbonate would be dissolved preferentially and more extensively.

This would be, in effect, a reverse of the natural dolomitization process.

Any precipitate formed would be calcium acetate, which decomposes to calcium carbonate on heating also.

 

[cladking]

Anyhow, what does a rainbow have to do with anything?

Rainbows are the key hole of understanding ancient science and sunlight is the key.

I know you don't care and won't even read my response if I spell it out for you just as you didn't read "for N. is a star, the light-scatterer of the sky" when you quoted it above. You might not have understood anyway if you don't know how rainbows work.

1078d. the steps of light are revealed

1460a. N. is this (kind of) colour which comes out of Nun [the water].

1004b. the double doors of heaven are open for thee; the double doors of the bows are open for thee.

797a. that thou mayest judge the gods, that thou mayest set a boundary to the Bows,

673b. Horus bends his Nine Bows against this spirit which comes out of the earth,

393a. To say: The sky is overcast, the stars are darkened,
393b. the bows are agitated, the bones of the earth-gods quake.

1490b. Collect those who are among the bows; assemble those who are among the imperishable stars.

And my favorite is the shadow of the geyser is overhead;

1487a. Thou art standing, Osiris; thy shadow is over thee, Osiris;

The shadow of a geyser is above it when it is standing. It is called "alexanders band".

It's right in front of your eyes but you can't see it between the rainbows because you know everything just like everyone else.

It even shows up on the emerald tablets.

8) It ascends from the earth to the heavens (and orders the lights above), then descends again to the earth; and in it is the power of the highest and the lowest.

But you can't see this either because your beliefs get in the way. You already know no stinkin' thing can order lights.

 

[shunyadragon]

Have any pictures? Data? Logic? Words inscribed in stone?

What exactly have you got other than net sources and Egyptologists who can't support their own arguments?

The sources I have cited that you dodge and reject and offer nothing of your own accept personal beliefs in metaphysics.

Again I cited three physical documented use of ramps.

 

[shunyadragon]

Sure I did.

This is the Bull of Heaven as seen through the eyes of 18th century BC people who were just as confused as you or I.

View attachment 100306


Do I need to explain it and how it became confused. I can.

You need not explain. It represent mythical religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians,