mojtaba
Active Member
The Sunni scientists insist on proving that Aeshe married the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) in the age of six and she entered the house of Hazrat Muhammad in the age of nine and they consider this matter the reason of superiority of Aeshe to other wives of the messenger of God. However, is this reality of the matter?
We will analyze this matter in this article.
Before dealing with the origin of the matter, the marriage of the messenger of God with Aeshe should be clarified so that we can conclude how old Aeshe was when she married the messenger of God.
There are different point of views about the marriage of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) with Aeshe.
Muhammad Ben Ismaeil Bokhari narrates from Aeshe that the messenger of God married her three years later after marriage with Hazrat Khadije (peace be upon her)
It has been narrated from Aeshe that I was jealous of no woman as much as Khadije because a) the messenger of God remembered her a lot; b) the messenger of God married me three years after her marriage with Khadije; c) God ordered the messenger of God and Jebreil to say hello to Khadije and annunciate her to a house made of in the heaven.
(Al-Bokhari Al-Jaafi, Muhammad Ben Esmaeel Abu Abdullah (died in 256 hejira), Sahih Al-Bokhari, v 3 p 3606, hadith 3606, Ketab Fazael Al-Sahabe, chapter Tazvij Al-Nabi Khadije va Fazleha Raziollah Anha, Researched by: D. Mostafa Deib Al-Bagha, Published by: Dar Ibn Kathir, Al-Yamame, Beirut, Third Edition, 1407- 1987)
According to the narration that Hazrat Khadije (peace be upon her) passed away in the Besat tenth; therefore, the marriage of the messenger of God with Aeshe was in the Besat thirteen the
Ibn Molghan has said after narrating the narration of Bokhari and reasoning to it
The messenger of God and Aeshe started living together in the second year of Hejrat.
(Al-Ansari Al-Shafei, Seraj Al-Din Abi Hefs Omar Bn Ali Ben Ahmad Known as Ibn Al-Molaghan (died in 804 hejira), Ghayat Al-Soval Fi Khasaes Al-Rasul Salalaho Alaihe va Salam, v 1 p 236, Researched by: Abdullah Bahr Al-Din Abdullah, Published by: Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Eslamiye, Beirut, 1414 Hejira- 1993)
According to this narration, the messenger of God married Aeshe in the thirteen year of Besat and they held wedding ceremony formally in the second year of Hejrat.
We can conclude from the narration of some other Sunni dignitaries that the marriage of the messenger of God with Aeshe was the fourth year of Hejrat.
Balazeri has written about the biography of Sude, other wife of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants), in the book ' ' Ansab Al-Ashraf ' '
The messenger of God married Sude, the daughter of Zame, after his marriage with Khadije, few months before migration and she was the first wife that the messenger of God had sextual intercourse with her in Medina.
(Al-Balazari, Ahmad Ben Yahya Ben Jaber (died in 279 hejira), Ansab Al-Ashraf, v 1 p 181, according to the software of Jamat Al-Kabir)
On the other hand, Zahabi claims that Sude Ben Zame was the wife of the messenger of God for four years.
Sude was passed away in the last year of the caliphate of Umar and she was the wife of the messenger of God for four years. No woman and servant were collaborator in this action with Sude in these four years. Then the messenger of God married Aeshe.
(Al-Zahabi, Shams Al-Din Muhammad Ben Ahmad Ben Osman (died in 748 hejira), Tarikh Al-Eslam Vafiyat Al-Mashahir Al-Alam, v 3 p 288, Researched by: D. Omar Abd Al-Eslam Tedmeri, Published by: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Arabi, Lebanon / Beirut, First Edition; 1407 Hejira- 1987)
Hence, Aeshe married Hazrat Muhammad in the fourth year of Hejrat( four years after the marriage of the messenger of God with Sude).
Referring to the historical documents, we will survey the age of Aeshe in the time of marriage:
Comparing the age of Aeshe with the age of Asma, the daughter of Abi Bakr:
One of matters that proves the exact age of Aeshe in the time of marriage with the messenger of God is comparing her age with the age of her sister, Asma (the daughter of Abi Bakr. according to the narration of the Sunni dignitaries, Asma was ten years older than Aeshe and she was twenty seven years old in the first year of Hejri. she also passed away in the seventy third year when she was one hundred years old.
Abu Naeim Isfahani has written in the book ' ' Marefe Al-Sahabe ' '
Asama, the daughter of Abu Bakr, passed away in 73 A.H. after her son, Abdullah Ben Zobeir. Asma was a hundred years old in the time of her decease and she was born twenty seven years before the history of the migration.
(Al-Asbahani, Abu Naeem Ahmad Ben Abdullah (died in 430 hejira), Marefat Al-Sahabe, v 6 p 3253 no 3769, according to the software of Jamat Al-Kabir)
And Tabarani has written
Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr, passed away after the death of his son, Abdullah Ben Zobeir, in 73 A.H. Asma was a hundred years old in the time of her decease and she was born 70 years before the date of the migration.
(Al-Tabarani, Soleiman Ben Ahmad Ben Ayub Abu Al-ghasem (died in 360 hejira), Al-Moajem Al-Kabir, v 24 p 77, Researched by: hamdi Ben Abd Al-Majid Al-Salafi, Published by: Maktab Al-Zahra, Al-Movasel, Second Edition; 1404 Hejira- 1983)
Ibn Asaker has also written
Asama was the sister of Aeshe and older than her from maternal aspect. Asma was born twenty seven years before the history.
(Ibn Asaker Al-Dameshghi Al-Shafei, Abi Al-ghasem Ali Ben Al-Hasan Ibn Habatollah Ben Abdullah (died in 571 hejira), Tarikh Medina Damascus va Zakara Fazloha va Tasmiyat Min Haleha Min Al-Amathel, v 69 p 9, Researched by: Moheh Al-Din Abi Saeed Omar Ben Gharame Al-Omari, Published by: Dar Al-Fekr, Beirut, 1995)
Ibn Asir has written
Abu Naeim has said ' ' Asma was born twenty seven years before the history ' '.
(Al-Jazari Ez Al-Din Ben Al-Athir Abi Al-Hasan Ali Ben Muhammad (died in 630 hejira), Asad Al-Ghabat Fi Marefat Al-Sahabe, v 7 p 11, Researched by: Adel Ahmad Al-Refai, Published by: Dar Ehya Al-Torath Al-Arabi, Beirut/ Lebanon, First Edition; 1417 Hejira- 1996)
And Nuvi has written
It has been narrated from Hafez Abu Naeim that said
'Asma was born twenty seven years before the migration.'
(Al-Navavi, Abu Zakariya Yahya Ben Sharaf Ben Meri (died in 676 hejira),Tahzib Al-Asma Al-Loghat, v 2 p 597-598, Researched by: Muhammad Al-Bahuth Al-Dorasat, Published by: Dar Al-Fekr, Beirut, First Edition, 1996)
And Hafez Heisami has written
Asma was a hundred years old in the time of her decease and she was born twenty seven years before the history of the migration.
(Al-Heithami, Abu Al-hasan Ali Ben Abibakr (died in 807 hejira), Majma Al-Zavaed Manba Al-Favaed, v 9 p 260, Published by: Dar Al-Riyan Lel Torath/ Dar Al-Kotob Al-Arabi, Cairo, Beirut, 1407 Hejira)
And Badr Al-Din Eini has written
Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr, was born twenty seven years before the migration. She was the seventeenth person that believed in God in 73 A.H. After her child, Abdullah Ben Zobeir, was killed, she passed away when she was a hundred years old, but none of her teeth had fallen and she had not lost her mind.
(Al-Eini, Badr Al-Din Abu Muhammad Mahmud Ben Ahmad Al-Ghitabi Al-Hanafi, (died in 855 hejira), Omdat Al-Ghari Sharh Sahih Al-Bokhari, v 2 p 93, Published by: Dar Ehya Al-Torath Al-Arabi, Beirut)
Ibn Hajar Asghalani has said
Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr and the wife of Zobeir Ben Avam, that was one of dignitaries of the companions. She lived for a hundred years and she passed away in 73 or 74 A.H.
(Al-Asghalani Al-Shafei, Ahmad Ben Ali Ben Hajar Abu Al-Fazl (died in 852 hejira), Al-Esabat Fi Tamiz Al-Sahabat, v 7 p 487, Researched by: Ali Muhammad Al-Bajavi, Published by: Dar Al-Jeil, Beirut, First Edition, 1412 hejira- 1992)
(Al-Asghalani Al-Shafei, Ahmad Ben Ali Ben Hajar Abu Al-Fazl (died in 852 hejira), Taghrib Al-Tahzib, v 1 p 743, Researched by: Muhammad Ovame, Published by: Dar Al-Rashid, Syira, First Edition; 1406- 1986)
We will analyze this matter in this article.
Before dealing with the origin of the matter, the marriage of the messenger of God with Aeshe should be clarified so that we can conclude how old Aeshe was when she married the messenger of God.
There are different point of views about the marriage of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) with Aeshe.
Muhammad Ben Ismaeil Bokhari narrates from Aeshe that the messenger of God married her three years later after marriage with Hazrat Khadije (peace be upon her)
حدثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بن سَعِيدٍ حدثنا حُمَيْدُ بن عبد الرحمن عن هِشَامِ بن عُرْوَةَ عن أبيه عن عَائِشَةَ رضي الله عنها قالت ما غِرْتُ على امْرَأَةٍ ما غِرْتُ على خَدِيجَةَ من كَثْرَةِ ذِكْرِ رسول اللَّهِ (ص) إِيَّاهَا قالت وَتَزَوَّجَنِي بَعْدَهَا بِثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ وَأَمَرَهُ رَبُّهُ عز وجل أو جِبْرِيلُ عليه السَّلَام أَنْ يُبَشِّرَهَا بِبَيْتٍ في الْجَنَّةِ من قَصَبٍ.
It has been narrated from Aeshe that I was jealous of no woman as much as Khadije because a) the messenger of God remembered her a lot; b) the messenger of God married me three years after her marriage with Khadije; c) God ordered the messenger of God and Jebreil to say hello to Khadije and annunciate her to a house made of in the heaven.
(Al-Bokhari Al-Jaafi, Muhammad Ben Esmaeel Abu Abdullah (died in 256 hejira), Sahih Al-Bokhari, v 3 p 3606, hadith 3606, Ketab Fazael Al-Sahabe, chapter Tazvij Al-Nabi Khadije va Fazleha Raziollah Anha, Researched by: D. Mostafa Deib Al-Bagha, Published by: Dar Ibn Kathir, Al-Yamame, Beirut, Third Edition, 1407- 1987)
According to the narration that Hazrat Khadije (peace be upon her) passed away in the Besat tenth; therefore, the marriage of the messenger of God with Aeshe was in the Besat thirteen the
Ibn Molghan has said after narrating the narration of Bokhari and reasoning to it
وبنى بها بالمدينة في شوال في السنة
الثانية.
الثانية.
The messenger of God and Aeshe started living together in the second year of Hejrat.
(Al-Ansari Al-Shafei, Seraj Al-Din Abi Hefs Omar Bn Ali Ben Ahmad Known as Ibn Al-Molaghan (died in 804 hejira), Ghayat Al-Soval Fi Khasaes Al-Rasul Salalaho Alaihe va Salam, v 1 p 236, Researched by: Abdullah Bahr Al-Din Abdullah, Published by: Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Eslamiye, Beirut, 1414 Hejira- 1993)
According to this narration, the messenger of God married Aeshe in the thirteen year of Besat and they held wedding ceremony formally in the second year of Hejrat.
We can conclude from the narration of some other Sunni dignitaries that the marriage of the messenger of God with Aeshe was the fourth year of Hejrat.
Balazeri has written about the biography of Sude, other wife of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants), in the book ' ' Ansab Al-Ashraf ' '
وتزوج رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، بعد خديجة، سودة بنت زَمعة بن قيس، من بني عامر بن لؤي، قبل الهجرة بأشهر... فكانت أول امرأة وطئها بالمدينة
The messenger of God married Sude, the daughter of Zame, after his marriage with Khadije, few months before migration and she was the first wife that the messenger of God had sextual intercourse with her in Medina.
(Al-Balazari, Ahmad Ben Yahya Ben Jaber (died in 279 hejira), Ansab Al-Ashraf, v 1 p 181, according to the software of Jamat Al-Kabir)
On the other hand, Zahabi claims that Sude Ben Zame was the wife of the messenger of God for four years.
وتوفيت في آخر خلافة عمر ، وقد انفردت بصحبة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أربع سنين لا تشاركها فيه امرأة ولا سرية ، ثم بنى بعائشة بعد ... .
Sude was passed away in the last year of the caliphate of Umar and she was the wife of the messenger of God for four years. No woman and servant were collaborator in this action with Sude in these four years. Then the messenger of God married Aeshe.
(Al-Zahabi, Shams Al-Din Muhammad Ben Ahmad Ben Osman (died in 748 hejira), Tarikh Al-Eslam Vafiyat Al-Mashahir Al-Alam, v 3 p 288, Researched by: D. Omar Abd Al-Eslam Tedmeri, Published by: Dar Al-Kotob Al-Arabi, Lebanon / Beirut, First Edition; 1407 Hejira- 1987)
Hence, Aeshe married Hazrat Muhammad in the fourth year of Hejrat( four years after the marriage of the messenger of God with Sude).
Referring to the historical documents, we will survey the age of Aeshe in the time of marriage:
Comparing the age of Aeshe with the age of Asma, the daughter of Abi Bakr:
One of matters that proves the exact age of Aeshe in the time of marriage with the messenger of God is comparing her age with the age of her sister, Asma (the daughter of Abi Bakr. according to the narration of the Sunni dignitaries, Asma was ten years older than Aeshe and she was twenty seven years old in the first year of Hejri. she also passed away in the seventy third year when she was one hundred years old.
Abu Naeim Isfahani has written in the book ' ' Marefe Al-Sahabe ' '
مَاتَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بنتُ أبي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ سَنَةَ ثَلاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ بَعْدَ ابْنِهَا عبد اللَّهِ بن الزُّبَيْرِ بِلَيَالٍ ... وكان لاسماء يوم مَاتَتْ مِائَةُ سَنَةٍ وُلِدَتْ قبل التَّارِيخِ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً .
Asama, the daughter of Abu Bakr, passed away in 73 A.H. after her son, Abdullah Ben Zobeir. Asma was a hundred years old in the time of her decease and she was born twenty seven years before the history of the migration.
(Al-Asbahani, Abu Naeem Ahmad Ben Abdullah (died in 430 hejira), Marefat Al-Sahabe, v 6 p 3253 no 3769, according to the software of Jamat Al-Kabir)
And Tabarani has written
مَاتَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بنتُ أبي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ سَنَةَ ثَلاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ بَعْدَ ابْنِهَا عبد اللَّهِ بن الزُّبَيْرِ بِلَيَالٍ ... وكان لاسماء يوم مَاتَتْ مِائَةُ سَنَةٍ وُلِدَتْ قبل التَّارِيخِ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً .
Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr, passed away after the death of his son, Abdullah Ben Zobeir, in 73 A.H. Asma was a hundred years old in the time of her decease and she was born 70 years before the date of the migration.
(Al-Tabarani, Soleiman Ben Ahmad Ben Ayub Abu Al-ghasem (died in 360 hejira), Al-Moajem Al-Kabir, v 24 p 77, Researched by: hamdi Ben Abd Al-Majid Al-Salafi, Published by: Maktab Al-Zahra, Al-Movasel, Second Edition; 1404 Hejira- 1983)
Ibn Asaker has also written
كانت أخت عائشة لأبيها وكانت أسن من عائشة ولدت قبل التاريخ بسبع وعشرين سنة
Asama was the sister of Aeshe and older than her from maternal aspect. Asma was born twenty seven years before the history.
(Ibn Asaker Al-Dameshghi Al-Shafei, Abi Al-ghasem Ali Ben Al-Hasan Ibn Habatollah Ben Abdullah (died in 571 hejira), Tarikh Medina Damascus va Zakara Fazloha va Tasmiyat Min Haleha Min Al-Amathel, v 69 p 9, Researched by: Moheh Al-Din Abi Saeed Omar Ben Gharame Al-Omari, Published by: Dar Al-Fekr, Beirut, 1995)
Ibn Asir has written
قال أبو نعيم : ولدت قبل التاريخ بسبع وعشرين سنة.
Abu Naeim has said ' ' Asma was born twenty seven years before the history ' '.
(Al-Jazari Ez Al-Din Ben Al-Athir Abi Al-Hasan Ali Ben Muhammad (died in 630 hejira), Asad Al-Ghabat Fi Marefat Al-Sahabe, v 7 p 11, Researched by: Adel Ahmad Al-Refai, Published by: Dar Ehya Al-Torath Al-Arabi, Beirut/ Lebanon, First Edition; 1417 Hejira- 1996)
And Nuvi has written
وعن الحافظ أبي نعيم قال ولدت أسماء قبل هجرة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بسبع وعشرين سنة .
It has been narrated from Hafez Abu Naeim that said
'Asma was born twenty seven years before the migration.'
(Al-Navavi, Abu Zakariya Yahya Ben Sharaf Ben Meri (died in 676 hejira),Tahzib Al-Asma Al-Loghat, v 2 p 597-598, Researched by: Muhammad Al-Bahuth Al-Dorasat, Published by: Dar Al-Fekr, Beirut, First Edition, 1996)
And Hafez Heisami has written
وكانت لأسماء يوم ماتت مائة سنة ولدت قبل التاريخ بسبع وعشرين سنة وولدت أسماء لأبي بكر وسنه إحدى وعشرون سنة.
Asma was a hundred years old in the time of her decease and she was born twenty seven years before the history of the migration.
(Al-Heithami, Abu Al-hasan Ali Ben Abibakr (died in 807 hejira), Majma Al-Zavaed Manba Al-Favaed, v 9 p 260, Published by: Dar Al-Riyan Lel Torath/ Dar Al-Kotob Al-Arabi, Cairo, Beirut, 1407 Hejira)
And Badr Al-Din Eini has written
أسماء بنت أبي بكر الصديق... ولدت قبل الهجرة بسبع وعشرين سنة ، وأسلمت بعد سبعة عشر إنساناً ... توفيت بمكة في جمادى الأولى سنة ثلاث وسبعين بعد قتل ابنها عبد اللَّه بن الزبير ، وقد بلغت المائة ولم يسقط لها سن ولم يتغير عقلها ، رضي الله تعالى عنها .
Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr, was born twenty seven years before the migration. She was the seventeenth person that believed in God in 73 A.H. After her child, Abdullah Ben Zobeir, was killed, she passed away when she was a hundred years old, but none of her teeth had fallen and she had not lost her mind.
(Al-Eini, Badr Al-Din Abu Muhammad Mahmud Ben Ahmad Al-Ghitabi Al-Hanafi, (died in 855 hejira), Omdat Al-Ghari Sharh Sahih Al-Bokhari, v 2 p 93, Published by: Dar Ehya Al-Torath Al-Arabi, Beirut)
Ibn Hajar Asghalani has said
8525 أسماء بنت أبي بكر الصديق زوج الزبير بن العوام من كبار الصحابة عاشت مائة سنة وماتت سنة ثلاث أو أربع وسبعين .
Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr and the wife of Zobeir Ben Avam, that was one of dignitaries of the companions. She lived for a hundred years and she passed away in 73 or 74 A.H.
(Al-Asghalani Al-Shafei, Ahmad Ben Ali Ben Hajar Abu Al-Fazl (died in 852 hejira), Al-Esabat Fi Tamiz Al-Sahabat, v 7 p 487, Researched by: Ali Muhammad Al-Bajavi, Published by: Dar Al-Jeil, Beirut, First Edition, 1412 hejira- 1992)
وقال هشام بن عروة عن أبيه بلغت أسماء مائة سنة لم يسقط لها سن ولم ينكر لها عقل وقال أبو نعيم الأصبهاني ولدت قبل الهجرة بسبع وعشرين سنة
(Al-Asghalani Al-Shafei, Ahmad Ben Ali Ben Hajar Abu Al-Fazl (died in 852 hejira), Taghrib Al-Tahzib, v 1 p 743, Researched by: Muhammad Ovame, Published by: Dar Al-Rashid, Syira, First Edition; 1406- 1986)
