1: What is prime reality – the really real? What gives context to your life and is the source of the rest of reality? (i.e. matter, God, cosmos etc.)
"Matter", or the objectively existing reality given to us by sensation. But a great deal of knowledge is inherited through society so our relationships with other people play a pivitol role too.
2: What is the nature of external reality, that is, the world around us?
It exists objectively, we have knowledge of it through sensation which can be abstracted into concepts and relationships.
I.e. It exists independently if whether I think it exists, and has existed before I was born and will exist after I die.
3. What is a human being?
An animal, an ape. Ideally warm, loving, healthy and with a sense of humour.
Man is a maker, a producer and it is through his capacity to produce that he makes the world around him useful. This capacity to produce is a precondition of complex intellectual and social activity and is what distinguishes us from animals. We can change nature rather than have to adapt to it.
4: What happens to a person at death?
I don't believe there is an afterlife and (I assume) we are purely physical and organic matter, so I guess "decomposition" answers that one.
5: Why is it possible to know anything at all? How can we know anything?
If we have an idea and we put it into practice and it produces our intended outcomes, we "know" that our ideas correspond to objective reality enough to be useful and true. our ideas are however only partially true and dependent on how much we can change objects or relations between them to identify their properties.
6: How do we know what is right and wrong? Where do ethics come from?
A combination of our biological and psychological predispositions (e.g. To happiness as a reflection of our well-being) but also from the way society is organised, legal and moral norms derived from our economic relationships that are not easily changed. Consequently what is considered to be right and wrong by society or the state, can infact be deeply harmful at an individual level. Many causes of suffering exist beyond our power and capacity to control and whilst we may believe they are wrong, it is not necessarily something we can change given our relative insignficance. It is only by the acculumation of power that we can make nature and society serve our interests.
I guess if I put it crudely, the pursuit of power (based primarily on knowledge) as a means to freedom is right and the abuse of power or the wilful lacking of it (such as through ignorance) is wrong.
7: What is the meaning/purpose of human history?
I think it is to progress to greater freedom and power as a realisation of our humanity by science and technology through our capacity to create and produce a world that serves our interests and is conducive to personal and social growth. But power and freedom are in conflict and so it is not always a smooth process of growth and there can be much conflict in realising this potential. Niether freedom nor power are gaurenteed but its continuation and growth are our collective inheritence.
8: What personal, life-orienting core commitments are consistent with your worldview? In other words, what is your purpose or goal in life?
To have at least a minimum level of basic material conditions so that I am comfortable, but also to make some sort of "difference" in the world. We are mortal but our consequences exceed our own individual life and can transcend it in a sense.
Best of luck btw.