Just as it says, the Creator wrote the law on stone and in the new covenant it is in the fleshy tables of the heart. Christ was the Creator who wrote the law on stone with His own finger and now in our hearts, and its part of His character, and its not hard to figure out what law it is:
James 2:8
8 If ye fulfil the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself, ye do well:
9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.
11 For he that said, Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, thou art become a transgressor of the law.
12 So speak ye, and so do, as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty.
13 For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no mercy; and mercy rejoiceth against judgment.
14 What doth it profit, my brethren, though a man say he hath faith, and have not works? can faith save him?
15 If a brother or sister be naked, and destitute of daily food,
16 And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled; notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it profit?
17 Even so faith, if it hath not works, is dead, being alone.
First, I did not say that Christians are not under a law from God, on the contrary, they certainly are, the law of Christ.
A covenant is a contract. When the terms of the contract arwe fulfilled, it ends in totality.
The first covenant, including the ten commandments was a covenant with Israel, not anyone else, it was with the Jews.
When that covenant was fulfilled, the first covenant ended, and was replaced by the second.
The sabbath was a sign given to the Jews, for the Jews, and no one else. It was a law of rest and separation, like some of the laws people think are whacky, like the clothing, or dietary laws, the sabbath was to reinforce to the Jews that they were different, a separate people, and these laws proved it.
In the OT you will find much criticism of gentiles murdering, raping, sacrificing babies, worshiping idols, but you will find no complaint that they didn´t keep the sabbath, it did not apply to them. Someone may have found this accusation, and if you have it, please share it with me.
So, lets discuss the new covenant, and itś laws.
Please do not take offense if I seem a little harsh on SDA theology, I have to be clear for you, and whoever reads this, as well. I lived and taught SDA theology for many years and I am semi still one of you, and most of my friends are SDAś. I love SDAś, I love their subculture, but I no longer love worshiping the law and the sabbath.
Well, what is the new covenant law, this thing the Spirit puts in our heart ? Love your neighbor and God of course it is much more as well.
One only needs to read the New Testament. Every command of the big ten is reiterated. Perhaps modified or expanded but they are there. All but one, the sabbath, that was for Israel, the New Covenant is for everyone.
Now, you assume the Apostles were commanding sabbath observance, it was so obvious that they didn´t have to mention it. I call Adventism the religion of assumptions, and this is one.
You would think that if the sabbath is so important, that the righteous 144,000 are selected because they keep the sabbath, at least one of the Apostles
18 Yea, a man may say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: shew me thy faith without thy works, and I will shew thee my faith by my works.
19 Thou believest that there is one God; thou doest well: the devils also believe, and tremble.
20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith without works is dead?
21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar?
22 Seest thou how faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect?
23 And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God.
24 Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only.
The above scriptures are clear reference to the Ten commandments being the perfect law of liberty. As Christ did, it clearly points out that love to God and our neighbor is the fulfillment of the law. Its not the Mosaic law (Mitzvot) when he spoke the words of verse 10:"For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all."
Now look at Hebrews:
Hebrews 8:1-13
1 Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;
2 A minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.
3 For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer.
4 For if he were on earth, he should not be a priest, seeing that there are priests that offer gifts according to the law:
5 Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, See, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount.
6 But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.
7 For if that first covenant had been faultless, then should no place have been sought for the second.
8 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:
9 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord.
10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:
11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.
12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more.
13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.
The above does not say anything at all about the law of God being done away with. To the contrary, it states that the
new covenant will establish the law of God within the minds and hearts of His people. What is clearly being done away with in the above verses, is the
old covenant temple, services, and High Priest. They have been replaced by Christ as our High Priest, the temple in heaven where He "ever liveth to make intercession for us", and the spiritual sacrifices of the new covenant which are Christ and Him crucified by the subjection of His body, which is the Church, to the will of God.
These things are clearly taught in the book of Hebrews, and other books of the New Testament. Observe the following -
Hebrews 10:4-10
4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
5 Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:
6 In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure.
7 Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God.
8 Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law;
9 Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.
10 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
Are we a part of the above body or not. The law of God has not been done away for members of Christ's body, but to the contrary, it has been established within their minds and hearts. So we come to the understanding that the Ten commandments, and the fourth commandment in particular, have not been done away with. Lets look at the Bible and understand:
Colossians 2:10-22
10 And ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power:
11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ:
12 Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead.
13 And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses;
14 Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross;
15 And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it.
16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the
new moon, or of the sabbath days:
17 Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.
18 Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility and worshipping of angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,
19 And not holding the Head, from which all the body by joints and bands having nourishment ministered, and knit together, increaseth with the increase of God.
20 Wherefore if ye be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world, why, as though living in the world, are ye subject to ordinances,
21 (Touch not; taste not; handle not;
22
Which all are to perish with the using after the commandments and doctrines of men?
Can we call the Ten commandments which God spoke with His own mouth to humanity, and wrote with His own finger in tables of stone, the commandments and doctrines of men? Of course not.
God wrote the ten commandments, He would not allow man to do so. Moses wrote the rest, because God would allow man to do so. He carved the former in stone as immovable, and the latter was written by a man as that which would one day pass away. The ceremonial laws pertaining to the nation of Israel simply could not continue to apply in a world where all that the ceremonial laws pointed to, had been fulfilled in Christ. Nor could the civil laws pertaining specifically to the nation of Israel be enforced upon all, once the blessings conferred solely upon the nation of Israel, were opened up to all humanity through the same individual who was verily the Son of God, and the Savior of the entire world.