Senegal: No one really knows, probably Arab slave trade and influence from conquered North Africa.
Sudan: Through trade and intermarriage, which is funny because that only happened because Egypt failed to conquer Sudan repeatedly. "
Following the 8th-century
Muslim conquest of North Africa, Arab Muslims began leading expeditions into
Sub-Saharan Africa - first along the
Nile Valley towards
Nubia and later across the
Sahara into
West Africa. Much of this contact was motivated by interest in
trans-Saharan trade, particularly the
slave trade.
The proliferation of Islamic influence was a largely gradual process. The Christian kingdoms of Nubia were the first to experience Arab incursion starting in the 7th century, though they held out through the Middle Ages until the
Kingdom of Makuria and
Old Dongola both collapsed in the early 14th century."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamization_of_the_Sudan_region
Turkey: Really? Turkey? You are asking how Islam reached Asia Minor and Anatolia? I mean seriously you are asking how
the centre of Orthodox Christianity ended up in Muslim hands? Really?
I don't know if you are just that unknowing, naive or straight out lying.
Tajikistan: Parts of it were conquered under the Umayyad Caliphate, the rest was conquered by the Samanid Empire.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Transoxiana ,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanid_Empire
Uzbekistan: Partly conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate, entirely conquered by the Abbasid Caliphate. "Following the
First Fitna, the Umayyads resumed the push to capture Sassanid lands and began to move towards the conquest of lands east and north of the
plateau towards
Greater Khorasan and the
Silk Road along
Transoxiana. Following the collapse of the Sassanids, these regions had fallen under the sway of local
Iranian and
Turkic tribes as well as the Tang Dynasty. The conquest of
Transoxiana (Ar.
Ma wara' al-nahr) was chiefly the work of
Qutayba ibn Muslim, who between 705 and 715 expanded Muslim control over
Sogdiana,
Khwarezm and the
Jaxartes valley up to
Ferghana. Following Qutayba's death in 715, local revolts and the defeats at the hands of the Chinese-sponsored
Turgesh (chiefly the "
Day of Thirst" in 724 and the
Battle of the Defile in 731) led to a gradual loss of the province: by 738, the Turgesh and their Sogdian allies were raiding Khurasan south of the Oxus. However, the murder of the Turgesh
khagan, Su-lu, and the conciliatory policies of
Nasr ibn Sayyar towards the native population opened the way for a swift, albeit not total, restoration of Muslim control over Transoxiana in 739–741. Muslim control over the region was consolidated with the defeat of the armies of
Tang China in the
Battle of Talas in 751."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquests#Conquest_of_Transoxiana:_662.E2.80.93751
Yemen: The bad part of the earliest Islamic history is that no one knows anything about it apart from the current religious dogmas.
China: Trade, anything else would've been suicide. "
Islam was brought to China during the
Tang dynasty by Arab traders, who were primarily concerned with trading and commerce, and not concerned at all with spreading Islam. They did not try to convert Chinese at all and only did commerce. It was because of this low profile that the 845 anti-Buddhist edict during the
Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution said absolutely nothing about Islam.
[15] It seems that trade occupied the attention of the early Muslim settlers rather than religious propagandism; that while they observed the tenets and practised the rites of their faith in China, they did not undertake any strenuous campaign against either Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, or the State creed, and that they constituted a floating rather than a fixed element of the population, coming and going between China and the West by the oversea or the overland routes.
[16][17]"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_China#Tang_dynasty
