Gday all,
The place 'Bethlehem' appears to be based on the passage in Micah :
Mic 5:2 "But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel, whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting."
'Bethlehem Ephrathah' there is actually a small clan, not a place.
But it appears that authors of both the Gospel of Luke (G.Luke) and the Gospel of Matthew (G.Matthew) misunderstood this to refer to the town called Bethlehem :
Lk 2:4-6 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was, that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered.
Mt 2:1 After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem
The Gospels are works of religious literature, based largely on Jewish scriptures.
G.Mark was first (c.70 AD), and contains no birth stories about Jesus at all.
Both G.Matthew and G.Luke (80s) are based textually on G.Mark, and both added birth stories which had Jesus born in Bethlehem because of that (misunderstood) passage in Micah.
But there is another clue :
Matthew 2:23 "... and he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth; that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through the prophets, that he should be called a Nazarene. "
So the author of G.Matthew was aware of a prophecy that the Messiah would be '
called a Nazarene', but this prophecy is unknown to us.
In summary -
there were TWO beliefs floating around in late 1st century :
- the messiah would be born in Bethlehem
- the messiah would be called a Nazarene
The authors of G.Luke and G.Matthew made use of both in updating G.Mark.
Note that G.Matthew's 'Nazarene' is Greek Ναζωραῖος (nazoraios), he also has "
from Nazareth of Galilee" ἀπὸ Ναζαρὲτ τῆς Γαλιλαίας (
apo Nazaret tes Galilaias).
And Ναζωραῖος is only one letter off from "Nazirite" (Ναζιραῖος) (like Samson.)
It is not at all clear where the connection with Nazarene, Nazirite, or Nazareth - actually came from.
Kapyong