First off, JB:
Multiverse Theory Debunked Using Scientific Method
Multiverse isn’t a “Scientific Theory” because it has not met all 3 essential criteria or requirements of being accepted as “Scientific Theory”:
- Falsifiability
- Scientific Method
- Peer Review
It must pass the 1st requirement - Falsifiability - before it can even can even be tested through Scientific Method. Multiverse hasn’t.
People who don’t know or haven’t studied science, often misunderstood Falsifiability.
To be a hypothesis or scientific theory, the explanation must be “falsifiable”.
Another name for falsifiable is “testable”, “refutable”, meaning the explanation must have the potential of being tested, hence the explanation must include -
- HOW one would propose to find the evidence
- or HOW one would proceed to perform experimentation.
This is essential to both HYPOTHESIS and especially to SCIENTIFIC THEORY, and either one of both, is what qualified explanation to being “hypothesis” or “scientific theory”.
Do not confuse “testable” (falsifiable) with being “tested”.
Being testable only mean you have proposed a way or ways to test the explanation.
On the other hand, “being tested”, is one of the steps of Scientific Method, and is where the real hard work begins, either finding evidence or performing experiments, or ideally both.
Here is where scientist or group of scientists are actively testing the model of explanation. Testing involved some sorts of observations, which would either verify the hypothesis or scientific theory being true, or refute the hypothesis or scientific theory.
The more evidence you have or the experiments you have performed, then it is possible to determine and conclude if the hypothesis is true or false.
If you have evidence that backed up the hypothesis, then it the next step of turning a hypothesis into scientific theory, would be submitting your hypothesis along with your data from the test results. Independent scientists in that field or related field will review and analyze the explanations and the test results, to determine if the data/test results have objectively tested, as well as determining if there are any errors.
If it passed the reviews, the peers will either reach consensus that it met all 3 requirements to qualify as being scientific theory...or some other scientists might have better explanations backed up by more conclusive evidence.
It is possible to have 2 or more scientists working on the problems but having approach the problems in different angles, thereby providing different explanations and reaching different conclusions.
But it is also problem, both scientists have reached the same conclusion, but one is better at explaining the solution or provided better evidence to back up his hypothesis.
For instance, in the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin wasn’t the only one proposing Natural Selection. Another naturalist named Alfred Russel Wallace was also investigating evolution, but it was Darwin who got published first.
In the 1920s, 3 physicists have independently proposed the same hypothesis the expanding universe model, which was later called the Big Bang model in 1949:
- Alexander Friedmann (1922)
- Howard Percy Robertson (1924-25)
- Georges Lemaître (1927)
Most people viewed Lemaître as father of the Big Bang theory, but when actual facts, all 3 were pioneers of BB.
Competing against the BB cosmology was Albert Einstein with Static Universe model and James Jean with the earliest Steady State model.
(Note that the Steady State model wasn’t a popular hypothesis until it was revised jointly by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold and Fred Hoyle in 1948-49.
And around the same time in 1948, George Gamow a former student Friedmann, worked with Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, that expanded the Big Bang model, introducing the Primeval Nucleosynthesis or the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR).)
Anyway, the Multiverse model isn’t a scientific theory because it has never been tested and reviewed, and doesn’t even qualified as hypothesis, because it untestable, and therefore it is currently unfalsifiable.
The reason why Multiverse haven’t died, is because the solution it offered is provable - MATHEMATICALLY. The maths in Multiverse showed that it mathematically feasible, but experimentally untestable.
That’s what keeping Multiverse alive. Multiverse is a theoretical model - and it is a proposed explanation to cosmology, but it hasn’t been accepted as science, because it is untestable.
Scientists are free to support or not support Multiverse model, but at this stage, it isn’t scientific theory.