Land is a finite resource. That limit is further constrained by a social desire to preserve a certain amount of that land in a natural state, to remain undeveloped. Then there is the requirement that some portion of land is relegated to food production. Additionally, not all land is equally habitable and not conducive to homesteading.
The other element of the equation is an ever growing population. Your expectation of a plot of land for everyone is simply unrealistic in my view.
Good, land is a finite resource indeed. I never said that the infinite growth model was going to work, but that ideally, those born probably should get some land. But you will run into a growth wall no matter how you package the future. What is your solution to that? No one actually has one. The right probably wants to ban birth control, and the left probably wants to build more low income housing.
I advocate for birth control, and trying to set up culture so people live more in harmony with nature.
Personally I don't know if the philosophy of private property makes sense for agriculture. Everything could be free range and open for hundreds of miles, and then you could get livestock to circulate entire states again. I do wonder for example, about the quality of meat on a 19th century buffalo compared to what we have now.
Both parties also like lots of immigration: the right likes it because immigrants aren't prepared to organize unions, and the left likes them out of mercy, because they often are probably seeking opportunity. It's a complicated problem, in tandem with the idea of perpetual growth. In our case, I don't know why republicans care all that much about the southern border. I think that those crossing often have Christian and family values that the right likes a lot, but then again, they are often Catholic. Maybe that has something to do with it, idk
As to what defines the production value of an individual, it would be the labor market.
That leaves us with education and access to healthcare as society's primary tools for maximizing one's ability to reach their full potential.
There is some kind of resource based problem that comes into play there, if the will of the labor market and the will of education collide. It's not exactly the 'tragedy of the commons,' but it's something like that. For example, what if you have doctor wilson, who went to harvard to study the amazon rainforest. Doctor wilson is like 1 of 1000 people, and he learned about a variety of rare resources in the forest. The other 999 people might want to log it, and put cattle farms on it.
Well it turns out that the world really wants those cattle farms, and that means the labor market wants it, and so why should the labor market listen to a few scientists.
I would first point out that there are factors that limit potential that we can have little or no control over. We cannot control the lottery of the genetic material one is born with. We cannot control the in utero conditions throughout a pregnancy. We cannot choose or dictate the home life environment, the social and economic environment of a developing child, etc. These factors all impact potential.
Arguably, the labor market is working as a fierce natural selector on the human population. But aside from that, I heard of some new technology stuff that I don't really understand, called 'crispr.' So they probably will start messing around with the human genes at some point, probably by the end of this century, if we get that far.