The pope has been trying to provoke President Trump and inject himself into American domestic politics for some time now.
Pope Francis Says Donald Trump Is 'Not Christian'
So it's only to be expected that the President would eventually return the pope's fire.
The President did so in a very restrained manner. He merely liked and retweeted a letter from one of the pope's critics inside the Catholic hierarchy. He didn't directly attack the pope, the way the pope has repeatedly attacked him.
The idea that the President's tweet praising one of the pope's opponents inside the church will somehow dramatically change the relationship between the President and conservative American Catholics, is just wishful thinking on the part of some foreign blogger. Many American Catholics won't even be aware of this little manufactured controversy. And if they are aware, most of them will probably side with the President.
I get the impression that while conservative American Catholics support the institution of the papacy, they don't necessarily like its current occupant. They don't imagine the pope to somehow be above all criticism, since they freely criticize the pope themselves.