Stalwart,
Jesus used the wine as a symbol of his blood, that was to be poured out for forgiveness of the sins of all who would believe in him and except his offer. The bread was. Symbol of Jesus' body which was a ransom sacrifice for us.
There was never a transsubstantiation, or anything even resembling that idea. Remember the Law of God strictly forbids the eating of any kind of blood, and even more so would the eating of human blood be outlawed, Genesis 9:4, Leviticus 17:10-14, Acts 15:20,28,29. Anyone taking blood into his body has his name removed from the Book of Life, Revelation 20:12-15.
Agape!!!
This (the notion of the transubstantive Eucharist constituting a breach of God's Law) is a common and mediocre objection which is refuted here, in full:
Is Jesus' command to drink his blood a violation of God's law? | Catholic Answers
Our Lord told His apostles, and us, through their communication of His Gospel: "Hoc est enim Corpus Meum" -- "This is My Body". The burden is upon you to demonstrate why this very clear and unambiguous declaration on the part of Our Lord is not to be taken literally, but instead metaphorically, especially in light of the scripture which has inspired this thread in the first place. I presume you abide by the principle of Sola Scriptura. We both know, then, that every ounce of scripture is both wholly purposeful and inerrant - why, then, is this declaration at no stage clarified as a metaphorical statement, especially when so much of sacred scripture affirms the validity of a literal understanding. In fact, on that...
...Keep in mind John 6:48-59, wherein Our Lord informs Man of the Eucharistic feast. He is questioned and prodded about this declaration by the Jews and His disciples alike, yet He maintains His statement that He is the new Bread of Life, meant to be consumed so as to sustain spiritual life - as the old was consumed to as to sustain material life. Examine in the same chapter verses 67-69, where He is abandoned by many of His followers. He does not call them back by clarifying His meaning; He permits them to understand Him as having spoken literally, and permits them to abandon Him by rejecting this dogma. If He were speaking metaphorically, He would have made it clear so as to prevent them from needlessly abandoning Him, and in the end, those who believed Him to have been speaking literally remained with Him, while those who did not departed from Him. This is highly illustrative of the Protestant Revolution, to me; that those who reject this most clear dogma have certainly departed from Christ, while those who have faith enough to abide by it remain members of His Body.
Again, the burden is on the Protestant from the beginning. See these Patristic statements, including one from St. Ignatius, student and second successor of Saint John the Apostle, from the early second century:
Saint Ignatius, 110 AD:
"They [heretics, Gnostics in particular] abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of Our Saviour Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which the Father, in his goodness, raised up again."
Saint Cyril, 4th century:
"Do not, therefore, regard the bread and wine as simply that, for they are, according to the Master’s declaration, the Body and Blood of Christ. Even though the senses suggest to you the other, let faith make you firm. Do not judge in this matter by taste, but be fully assured by faith, not doubting that you have been deemed worthy of the Body and Blood of Christ.”
Saint Justin, mid-2nd century:
"This food we call the Eucharist, of which no one is allowed to partake except one who believes that the things we teach are true, and has received the washing for forgiveness of sins and for rebirth, and who lives as Christ handed down to us. For we do not receive these things as common bread or common drink; but as Jesus Christ our Savior being incarnate by God's Word took flesh and blood for our salvation, so also we have been taught that the food consecrated by the Word of prayer which comes from him, from which our flesh and blood are nourished by transformation, is the flesh and blood of that incarnate Jesus."