How to Double Global Food Production by 2050 and Reduce Environmental Damage: Scientific American
So is that article wrong?
The article says a study of the university of Minesotta concluded that eating less meat would be better for the environment and that even a meatless diet would be even better.
So there really is no reason at all to eat meat for most of us.
Besides flavor.
Two issues I see with that link are that, unless I missed them:
a) I don't see any mention of fish.
b) I don't see any mention of transportation costs.
I spent around 10 years as a vegetarian after considering the arguments for it, but then after that added some fish into my diet after considering the arguments for the importance of that. So for the most part I understand the vegetarian viewpoint, although even when I was one, I didn't discount the importance of locally produced animals.
Fish:
I've seen fairly good arguments that dietary EPA and DHA omega 3 fatty acids are helpful for optimal health and played a role in human brain development, considering that the production of EPA and DHA from ALA omega 3 fatty acids (the kind that can generally be found in some plants) is inconsistent. It's pretty difficult to get EPA and DHA naturally without fish. (They get it from algae where we can get it too if we eat a lot of it.)
And while overfishing is a problem like any other area of food, I don't think it would be optimal if the world did not fish at all.
If the world needs an amount of food equal to X, and we decide to get that food strictly by land, when we have to use an amount of land to get that food. If we utilize the other two thirds of the world that consists of water in addition to land, then we can get the same amount of food X, but spread over a larger area and therefore make less strict use of land resources.
Transportation:
Generally, I suspect that the chicken my bf eats that is raised by Amish people within driving distance is better for the environment overall than my South American apples.
There's the carbon emissions but there's also the highway maintenance, manufacturing costs of extra vehicles, polluted waters from shipping boats, etc.
Integrated Farms:
A problem with raising animals is getting rid of the waste.
A problem with growing plants is getting enough extra nutrients to them.
Nature avoids these problems by having animals and plants together in a cycle. When humans try to separate and industrialize them, we create extra problems.
Overall, I think the #1 thing we can do for the environment (other than cannibalism, extra warfare, etc.) would be to consciously choose to have no more than two children per couple. Or at least two children or fewer per couple, on average. We can optimize our food sources as much as we want but if population keeps inching upward then we run into a wall at some point.