"There Is No Such Thing As Time"
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The "rebels" who fight the Big Bang theory are mostly attempting to grapple with the concept of time. They are philosophers as much as cosmologists, unsatisfied with the Big Bang, unimpressed with string theory and unconvinced of the multiverse. Julian Barbour, British physicist, author, and major proponent of the idea of timeless physics, is one of those rebels--so thoroughly a rebel that he has spurned the world of academics.
Julian Barbour's solution to the problem of time in physics and cosmology is as simply stated as it is radical: there is no such thing as time.
"If you try to get your hands on time, it's always slipping through your fingers," says Barbour. "People are sure time is there, but they can't get hold of it. My feeling is that they can't get hold of it because it isn't there at all." Barbour speaks with a disarming English charm that belies an iron resolve and confidence in his science. His extreme perspective comes from years of looking into the heart of both classical and quantum physics. Isaac Newton thought of time as a river flowing at the same rate everywhere. Einstein changed this picture by unifying space and time into a single 4-D entity. But even Einstein failed to challenge the concept of time as a measure of change. In Barbour's view, the question must be turned on its head. It is change that provides the illusion of time. Channeling the ghost of Parmenides, Barbour sees each individual moment as a whole, complete and existing in its own right. He calls these moments "Nows."
Parmenides - Wikipedia
Parmenides made the
ontological argument against nothingness,
essentially denying the possible existence of a void. According to
Aristotle, this led
Democritus and
Leucippus, and many other physicists,
[27] to propose the
atomic theory, which supposes that everything in the universe is either atoms or voids, specifically to contradict Parmenides' argument.
Aristotle himself reasoned, in opposition to atomism, that in a complete vacuum, motion would encounter no resistance, and "no one could say why a thing once set in motion should stop anywhere; for why should it stop here rather than here? So that a thing will either be at rest or must be moved ad infinitum, unless something more powerful get in its way."
[27] See also
horror vacui.
Erwin Schrödinger identified Parmenides'
monad of the "Way of Truth" as being the conscious self in "Nature and the Greeks".
[28] The scientific implications of this view have been discussed by scientist
Anthony Hyman.
[29]
A shadow of Parmenides' ideas can be seen in the physical concept of
Block time, which considers existence to consist of past, present, and future, and the flow of time to be illusory. In his critique of this idea,
Karl Popper called
Einstein "Parmenides".
[30]However, Popper did write:
So what was really new in Parmenides was his axiomatic-deductive method, which
Leucippus and
Democritus turned into a hypothetical-deductive method, and thus made part of scientific methodology.
[31]