:So---
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Forms and structures point to common ancestors
When we examine the bodies of today’s animals in detail, we find some remarkable similarities. For example, the skeletons of four-limbed creatures (what scientists call “tetrapods”) are only slight variations on the same body plan. The bones are longer in some animals, and in others they are fused together, but they are arranged in the same pattern. Skeletons don’t have to be this way for animals to function, and in fact they result in some inefficiencies (how many people do you know with lower back or knee problems?). But this is the sort of pattern we would expect if the body plans of tetrapods changed slowly and diversified over many generations.
We can also look at the bodies of animals today and find features that are similar to what other animals have, but which no longer seem to function (or have different functions). Scientists call these
vestigial traits. Some classic examples are non-functioning eyes in blind cave fish, the hip bones on whales, and leg bones buried in the muscles of some snakes. In our own bodies, we can point to the appendix, wisdom teeth, goosebumps, and many other features. These are more clues that today’s animals have a history that extends back to ancestors that were quite different."
My comment: the example about the fish with non-functioning eyes does not make them into non-fish. That they genetically developed into blind fish to me does not mean evolultion of the Darwinian kind. It means that genetically they reproduced to the point that the population somehow became blind on a continuous basis with no variation and managed to survive, continue as a fish type of sorts. That does not mean evolution of the Darwinian kind. It means transference of a trait that was not counteracted by genes that enabled the fish to see.
Next point I considered is that of what are called vestigial organs, first off the appendix. The appendix in humans used to be considered by scientists as unnecessary, a kind of leftover from something else. And useless in humans, a sort of holdover. But that opinion is changing. Notice one reference alluding to this from Kooij IA, Sahami S, Meijer SL, Buskens CJ, Te Velde AA (October 2016).
"The immunology of the vermiform appendix: a review of the literature".
Clinical and Experimental Immunology.
186 (1): 1–9.
doi:
10.1111/cei.12821.
PMC 5011360.
PMID 27271818, showing that the scientific view is changing based on the biologic circumstances of the human appendix, quite fascinating to say the least. This shows that the previously popular idea that the appendix was a useless holdover organ is certainly diminishing in scientific research circles.