Why is the inheritance of women half that of men?

[mojtaba]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم
​

The reasons that women’s portion of inheritance is less than that of men’s are three.These are the reasons that have been alluded to in the sayings of our Noble Imams[ 12 infallible Imams of Shia Muslims ](peace be upon them):

1. Dowry: At the time of getting married, man is responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the woman. Whenever the woman asks for it, the man is responsible to give it to her. So from the beginning, man is religiously responsible to allot an amount of money as the dowry of his wife.

2. Allowance: In family life, aside from the fact that a man must look after his own expenses, he is responsible to take upon himself the expenses of his wife and children. For amongst the responsibilities of a man is the provision of food, clothes, and shelter for his wife that is in line with her social status. Even if a woman were to have a large amount of wealth, she has no responsibility in this regards. Not only does a woman have no obligation in this regards, but if she wanted to, she could ask of a wage for the work she does at home such as breastfeeding her children, cooking, etc.

3. Special responsibilities of man: Some very heavy responsibilities have been placed on men’s shoulders; responsibilities that women have been excused from. A good example is warfare in the path of Allah (awj). A man must wage war with his life and his wealth. In some of the verses of the Noble Qur`an war by means of wealth has even been placed ahead of war by means of life. A man must spend from his own pocket the expenses of his going to war. Or when someone is killed by another person, the men of the family of the culprit must pay money to the victim’s family, but women are freed form such an expense.


As can be seen, Islam did not intend to pass laws for the benefit of man and to the detriment of woman, or vice versa. Islam is not an advocate of “woman’s rights,” or that of men’s. More than anything, when passing laws Islam, has taken into consideration the eternal felicity of men, women, their children, and society as a whole. In any case, in line with the monetary responsibilities that it has relegated for men, Islam has in many instances divided wealth between men and women—such an instance being inheritance. It is not possible for us to claim that there is discrimination in this regards. Also, the whole corpus of the laws of Islam regarding men and women necessitate that the laws of inheritance be a certain way. This matter does not allow us to object to the civil laws of Islam.

 

[mojtaba]

In a tradition, Imam Ja’far b. Muhammad as-Sadiq[ sixth infallible Imam ] (peace be upon Him) was asked as to why women take one portion of inheritance when we see that they are weaker than men and they are more in need of help than them? Why is it that a man, who is stronger than a woman and whose body is more powerful than hers should get a double share of inheritance?
Imam Ja’far b. Muhammad as-Sadiq (peace be upon Him) replied that the reason for this is that a man has more responsibilities and he must go to war, enduring many expenses in the process. Aside from his own expenses, a man must also take upon himself the expenses of his spouse and children. What’s more, he must give money to the family of a person accidentally injured by one of his family members.[1]

In another tradition, Imam Ja’far b. Muhammad as-Sadiq (peace be upon Him) emphasized the fact that it is the man which must give dowry to the woman—this being a recompense to the loss incurred by her in her inheritance[2].
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1]al-Kafi, vol. 7, pg. 85:
مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْکِینَةِ الضَّعِیفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ یَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَیْنِ قَالَ فَذَکَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا لِأَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَیْسَ عَلَیْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لاَ نَفَقَةٌ وَ لاَ مَعْقُلَةٌ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِکَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ وَ لِذَلِکَ جَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمَیْنِ.

[2]‘Ilal al-Shara’i, vol. 2, pg. 570:
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللٌّهِ بْنِ سَنَانِ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللٌّهِ ( ع) قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَیِّ عِلَّةٍ صَارَ الْمِیرَاثُ لِلذَّکَرِ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الأُنْثَیَینِ؟ قَالَ : لِمَا جَعَلَ لَهَا مِنَ الصِّدَاقِ.

 

[The_Fisher_King]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم
​

The reasons that women’s portion of inheritance is less than that of men’s are three.These are the reasons that have been alluded to in the sayings of our Noble Imams[ 12 infallible Imams of Shia Muslims ](peace be upon them):

1. Dowry: At the time of getting married, man is responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the woman. Whenever the woman asks for it, the man is responsible to give it to her. So from the beginning, man is religiously responsible to allot an amount of money as the dowry of his wife.

2. Allowance: In family life, aside from the fact that a man must look after his own expenses, he is responsible to take upon himself the expenses of his wife and children. For amongst the responsibilities of a man is the provision of food, clothes, and shelter for his wife that is in line with her social status. Even if a woman were to have a large amount of wealth, she has no responsibility in this regards. Not only does a woman have no obligation in this regards, but if she wanted to, she could ask of a wage for the work she does at home such as breastfeeding her children, cooking, etc.

3. Special responsibilities of man: Some very heavy responsibilities have been placed on men’s shoulders; responsibilities that women have been excused from. A good example is warfare in the path of Allah (awj). A man must wage war with his life and his wealth. In some of the verses of the Noble Qur`an war by means of wealth has even been placed ahead of war by means of life. A man must spend from his own pocket the expenses of his going to war. Or when someone is killed by another person, the men of the family of the culprit must pay money to the victim’s family, but women are freed form such an expense.


As can be seen, Islam did not intend to pass laws for the benefit of man and to the detriment of woman, or vice versa. Islam is not an advocate of “woman’s rights,” or that of men’s. More than anything, when passing laws Islam, has taken into consideration the eternal felicity of men, women, their children, and society as a whole. In any case, in line with the monetary responsibilities that it has relegated for men, Islam has in many instances divided wealth between men and women—such an instance being inheritance. It is not possible for us to claim that there is discrimination in this regards. Also, the whole corpus of the laws of Islam regarding men and women necessitate that the laws of inheritance be a certain way. This matter does not allow us to object to the civil laws of Islam.

Salaam,

Q1. Why is a man responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the woman at the time of marriage?
Q2. Why is a man responsible to take upon himself the expenses of his wife (provision of food, clothes, shelter), but a woman does not have the same responsibilities?
Q3. Why must a man wage war with his life and his wealth, but not a woman?

Wa salaam

 

[TashaN]

Salaam,

Q1. Why is a man responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the woman at the time of marriage?
Q2. Why is a man responsible to take upon himself the expenses of his wife (provision of food, clothes, shelter), but a woman does not have the same responsibilities?
Q3. Why must a man wage war with his life and his wealth, but not a woman?

Wa salaam

That's God plan.

 

[Yasin-shalal]

In a tradition, Imam Ja’far b. Muhammad as-Sadiq[ sixth infallible Imam ] (peace be upon Him) was asked as to why women take one portion of inheritance when we see that they are weaker than men and they are more in need of help than them? Why is it that a man, who is stronger than a woman and whose body is more powerful than hers should get a double share of inheritance?
Imam Ja’far b. Muhammad as-Sadiq (peace be upon Him) replied that the reason for this is that a man has more responsibilities and he must go to war, enduring many expenses in the process. Aside from his own expenses, a man must also take upon himself the expenses of his spouse and children. What’s more, he must give money to the family of a person accidentally injured by one of his family members.[1]

In another tradition, Imam Ja’far b. Muhammad as-Sadiq (peace be upon Him) emphasized the fact that it is the man which must give dowry to the woman—this being a recompense to the loss incurred by her in her inheritance[2].
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1]al-Kafi, vol. 7, pg. 85:
مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْکِینَةِ الضَّعِیفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ یَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَیْنِ قَالَ فَذَکَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا لِأَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَیْسَ عَلَیْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لاَ نَفَقَةٌ وَ لاَ مَعْقُلَةٌ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِکَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ وَ لِذَلِکَ جَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمَیْنِ.

[2]‘Ilal al-Shara’i, vol. 2, pg. 570:
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللٌّهِ بْنِ سَنَانِ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللٌّهِ ( ع) قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَیِّ عِلَّةٍ صَارَ الْمِیرَاثُ لِلذَّکَرِ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الأُنْثَیَینِ؟ قَالَ : لِمَا جَعَلَ لَهَا مِنَ الصِّدَاقِ.

Brother Mujtaba, you have nice posts which I benefit a lot.

 

[Yasin-shalal]

Salaam,

Q1. Why is a man responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the woman at the time of marriage?
Q2. Why is a man responsible to take upon himself the expenses of his wife (provision of food, clothes, shelter), but a woman does not have the same responsibilities?
Q3. Why must a man wage war with his life and his wealth, but not a woman?

Wa salaam

 

[mojtaba]

Salaam,

Q1. Why is a man responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the woman at the time of marriage?
Q2. Why is a man responsible to take upon himself the expenses of his wife (provision of food, clothes, shelter), but a woman does not have the same responsibilities?
Q3. Why must a man wage war with his life and his wealth, but not a woman?

Wa salaam

Salamun Alaykum dear brother Ya'qoob!

Your questions imply that you are not familiar with Islamic laws. Dear brother, according to Holy Quran, only men are responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the family(i.e., their wives and children).

4:34

Men are the managers of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth.

But, this does not mean that the wemen can not work. According to Islamic laws(i.e., Shia Islamic laws, I am not awar about Sunni one), if a woman works, her earnings are only for herself and only she, herself can decide for her mony and no one can decide for her. So, the housband can not force his wife for spending her earnings for family. But, According to Islamic ethics, it is good for a women that if her husband can not do his responsibilities completely, she help him. Anyway, she is not obliged to help her husband.

Also, a woman can wage war with her life and her wealth, but she is not obligated. For example, Hadhrat Khadijah(ra), one of the wives of Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon him and his pure progeny) and the mother of Hadhrat Fatima(peace be upon her), was a rich woman. She spent all of his fortune for Allah and propagation of Islam, but she was not obligated. Also, there were women who became martyr for defending Islam, like Hadhrat Fatima(peace be upon her).

Waffaqakallah.

 

[The_Fisher_King]

Salamun Alaykum dear brother Ya'qoob!

Your questions imply that you are not familiar with Islamic laws. Dear brother, according to Holy Quran, only men are responsible to take into consideration a suitable dowry for the family(i.e., their wives and children).

4:34

Men are the managers of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth.

But, this does not mean that the wemen can not work. According to Islamic laws(i.e., Shia Islamic laws, I am not awar about Sunni one), if a woman works, her earnings are only for herself and only she, herself can decide for her mony and no one can decide for her. So, the housband can not force his wife for spending her earnings for family. But, According to Islamic ethics, it is good for a women that if her husband can not do his responsibilities completely, she help him. Anyway, she is not obliged to help her husband.

Also, a woman can wage war with her life and her wealth, but she is not obligated. For example, Hadhrat Khadijah(ra), one of the wives of Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon him and his pure progeny) and the mother of Hadhrat Fatima(peace be upon her), was a rich woman. She spent all of his fortune for Allah and propagation of Islam, but she was not obligated. Also, there were women who became martyr for defending Islam, like Hadhrat Fatima(peace be upon her).

Waffaqakallah.

Salaam,

But why do men have these obligations and women not?

Wassalaam

 

[mojtaba]

Salaam,

But why do men have these obligations and women not?

Wassalaam

Salam.

Dear brother, do you have any reason for obligation of those responsibilities for women?

In Islamic laws, if a man can not provide a suitable dowry for the family, the wife can complain against her housband. But I can not understand the complaint of a housband against his wife, because she can not provide a suitable dowry for the family!

It should be said that 'the suitable dowry' is different from a family to another and has not an absolute definition.

Also, it should be said that in Islam, the family is based on unity and friendship and helping to each other. But this does not mean that there is no need to the laws.

Waffaqakallah! (May Allah grant you success!)

 

[The_Fisher_King]

Salam.

Dear brother, do you have any reason for obligation of those responsibilities for women?

In Islamic laws, if a man can not provide a suitable dowry for the family, the wife can complain against her housband. But I can not understand the complaint of a housband against his wife, because she can not provide a suitable dowry for the family!

It should be said that 'the suitable dowry' is different from a family to another and has not an absolute definition.

Also, it should be said that in Islam, the family is based on unity and friendship and helping to each other. But this does not mean that there is no need to the laws.

Waffaqakallah! (May Allah grant you success!)

Salaam,

Okay, let me try to word my question a little differently. Why do you believe that these things are obligations for men but not for women?

Wassalaam

 

[Smart_Guy]

Yes, Islam is an integrated system that has to have its parts and principles work in harmony following specific regulations. The weak of hearts sometimes sherry pick some of those parts to use against Islam, ignoring the integrity of Islam.

As women get less inheritance in Islam, they get rights men don't have in return. They all add up and complement each other.

 

[mojtaba]

Salaam,

Okay, let me try to word my question a little differently. Why do you believe that these things are obligations for men but not for women?

Wassalaam

Salam.

Because of two clear verses of Holy Quran and many Sahih Hadiths from Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon him and his pure Ahlul Bayt) and 12 Imams(peace be upon them).

2:233
Mothers shall suckle their children for two full years—that for such as desire to complete the suckling—and on the father shall be their maintenance and clothing, in accordance with honourable norms. No soul is to be tasked except according to its capacity.

4:34
Men are the managers of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth.

 

[The_Fisher_King]

Salam.

Because of two clear verses of Holy Quran and many Sahih Hadiths from Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon him and his pure Ahlul Bayt) and 12 Imams(peace be upon them).

2:233
Mothers shall suckle their children for two full years—that for such as desire to complete the suckling—and on the father shall be their maintenance and clothing, in accordance with honourable norms. No soul is to be tasked except according to its capacity.

4:34
Men are the managers of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth.

Salaam,

Wrt the first verse above, what if a woman does not have children?

And wrt the second, what is the advantage Allaah has granted 'some of them over others'? And how does 'by virtue of their spending out of their wealth' relate to 'Men are the managers of women'?

And why is a woman not obligated to fight but a man is?

Wassalaam

 

[mojtaba]

Salaam,

Wrt the first verse above, what if a woman does not have children?

Salam.

Because the verse is with regards to the divorce, so if a woman does not have children, the man is not responsible for maintenance and clothing of the divorced woman.

And wrt the second, what is the advantage Allaah has granted 'some of them over others'?

The natural characteristics of man in which he excels the woman; men have much greater judicious prudence than women, and consequently they are much stronger and braver and more capable of performing strenuous tasks requiring intrepidity and forbearance; while women's life is dominated by feelings and emotions and based on gracefulness and delicateness.

And how does 'by virtue of their spending out of their wealth' relate to 'Men are the managers of women'?

First it should be clarified that, the phrase, "by virtue of their spending out of their wealth" in the verse, refers to the wealth which men spend on women's dower and maintenance.

Because the husband is obligated to spend his wealth on his wife in return for conjugal rights, so that he has the authority over the wife and is her manager.
But husband's authority over the wife does not mean that she has lost control over her own self or property or is restricted in her will or action regarding its management; nor does it mean that woman is not free and independent in safeguarding and protecting her personal and social rights, nor is she hindered from adopting suitable means to achieve those rights. Rather it means that when the husband spends his wealth on her in return for conjugal rights, then she must obey and submit to him in all things connected with sexual intercourse (when he is present), and protect him in his absence - she should not betray him behind his back by having unlawful affairs with another man. Also she should not deceive him concerning the property which he gives her by virtue of matrimony as a partner in domestic life.

And why is a woman not obligated to fight but a man is?

Wassalaam

As I mentioned, because women's life is dominated by feelings and emotions and based on gracefulness and delicateness. So Islam doesn't want to hart the gentle soul of the women. So, they are not obligated to fight.

Also, the men are much stronger and braver and more capable of performing strenuous tasks requiring intrepidity and forbearance. So, the fighting is obligated for them.

 

[The_Fisher_King]

Salam.

Because the verse is with regards to the divorce, so if a woman does not have children, the man is not responsible for maintenance and clothing of the divorced woman.

The natural characteristics of man in which he excels the woman; men have much greater judicious prudence than women, and consequently they are much stronger and braver and more capable of performing strenuous tasks requiring intrepidity and forbearance; while women's life is dominated by feelings and emotions and based on gracefulness and delicateness.

First it should be clarified that, the phrase, "by virtue of their spending out of their wealth" in the verse, refers to the wealth which men spend on women's dower and maintenance.

Because the husband is obligated to spend his wealth on his wife in return for conjugal rights, so that he has the authority over the wife and is her manager.
But husband's authority over the wife does not mean that she has lost control over her own self or property or is restricted in her will or action regarding its management; nor does it mean that woman is not free and independent in safeguarding and protecting her personal and social rights, nor is she hindered from adopting suitable means to achieve those rights. Rather it means that when the husband spends his wealth on her in return for conjugal rights, then she must obey and submit to him in all things connected with sexual intercourse (when he is present), and protect him in his absence - she should not betray him behind his back by having unlawful affairs with another man. Also she should not deceive him concerning the property which he gives her by virtue of matrimony as a partner in domestic life.

As I mentioned, because women's life is dominated by feelings and emotions and based on gracefulness and delicateness. So Islam doesn't want to hart the gentle soul of the women. So, they are not obligated to fight.

Also, the men are much stronger and braver and more capable of performing strenuous tasks requiring intrepidity and forbearance. So, the fighting is obligated for them.

Salaam,

Why is the man responsible for the maintenance and clothing of the divorced woman only when she has children?

What evidence do you have that 'men have much greater judicious prudence than women, and consequently they are much stronger and braver and more capable of performing strenuous tasks requiring intrepidity and forbearance; while women's life is dominated by feelings and emotions and based on gracefulness and delicateness.'

Why is the husband obligated to spend his wealth on his wife in return for conjugal rights, but not the wife to spend her wealth on her husband in return for conjugal rights?

Finally (for now!), why 'when the husband spends his wealth on her in return for conjugal rights, then she must obey and submit to him in all things connected with sexual intercourse (when he is present)'? Why can she not say 'No'?

Wassalaam

 

[mojtaba]

Salam.
Dear Ya'quub, your questions are very good and imply that you have a rational manner on which has been emphasized in Quran and traditions of Prophet and his 12 Successors(peace be upon them).

Salaam,

Why is the man responsible for the maintenance and clothing of the divorced woman only when she has children?

It should be said that this law is only for the duration in which the mother suckles her baby.
If the children is at the age in which he/she does not drink milk as his/her meal, or the woman does not suckle to her baby, the man is not responsible for the maintenance and clothing of the divorced woman.
Do not forget that the baby is for both the man and woman, and when the disvorced woman is caring for and suckling the baby, she is also suckling the baby of a man. So, I believe that this is the rational right of the discorced woman that the man agrees the responsible of the maintenance and clothing of her, who is caring and feeding his baby, during she suckles his baby.

What evidence do you have that 'men have much greater judicious prudence than women, and consequently they are much stronger and braver and more capable of performing strenuous tasks requiring intrepidity and forbearance; while women's life is dominated by feelings and emotions and based on gracefulness and delicateness.'

I believe that this issue is obvious. But consider the sex hormons and the different levels of them between the men and women.
Testosterone is one of the male sex hormons. On average, in adult males, levels of testosterone are about 7–8 times as great as in adult females.
Of the physical effects of testosterone are, growth of muscle mass and strength, increased bone density and strength, and stimulation of linear growth and bone maturation. So, men are stronger than the women physically.
You can search also about the effect of testosterone on the intelligence.

Why is the husband obligated to spend his wealth on his wife in return for conjugal rights, but not the wife to spend her wealth on her husband in return for conjugal rights?

I think that I have answered to this question.

Finally (for now!), why 'when the husband spends his wealth on her in return for conjugal rights, then she must obey and submit to him in all things connected with sexual intercourse (when he is present)'? Why can she not say 'No'?
Wassalaam

Because according to the mutual rights, as the man can not say 'No' to the rational financial requests of his wife, mutually she can not say 'No' to the rational sexual requests of him.

Waffaqakallah.

 

[The_Fisher_King]

I believe that this issue is obvious. But consider the sex hormons and the different levels of them between the men and women.
Testosterone is one of the male sex hormons. On average, in adult males, levels of testosterone are about 7–8 times as great as in adult females.
Of the physical effects of testosterone are, growth of muscle mass and strength, increased bone density and strength, and stimulation of linear growth and bone maturation. So, men are stronger than the women physically.
You can search also about the effect of testosterone on the intelligence.

I think that I have answered to this question.

Because according to the mutual rights, as the man can not say 'No' to the rational financial requests of his wife, mutually she can not say 'No' to the rational sexual requests of him.

Waffaqakallah.

Salaam,

I don't think the greater judicious prudence of men over women is even remotely obvious. Evidence for this please.

I will grant you that on average, men have more testosterone than women, and that this translates into greater muscle mass and strength. However, the difference is not so great. And indeed, women, on average, have greater stamina than men. In any case, what has this to do with men being 'managers of women'?

As to the effect of testosterone on intelligence, again, you're going to have to present some evidence for this, since you're making the claim.

I don't think you have answered my question why the wife does not have the same obligation to spend her wealth on her husband in return for conjugal rights as the husband has wrt his wife.

Why can the man not say 'No' to the rational financial requests of his wife? And what has this got to do with a woman not being permitted to say 'No' to the rational sexual requests of her husband?

Wassalaam

 

[mojtaba]

Salaam,

I don't think the greater judicious prudence of men over women is even remotely obvious. Evidence for this please.

I will grant you that on average, men have more testosterone than women, and that this translates into greater muscle mass and strength. However, the difference is not so great. And indeed, women, on average, have greater stamina than men. In any case, what has this to do with men being 'managers of women'?

As to the effect of testosterone on intelligence, again, you're going to have to present some evidence for this, since you're making the claim.

I don't think you have answered my question why the wife does not have the same obligation to spend her wealth on her husband in return for conjugal rights as the husband has wrt his wife.

Why can the man not say 'No' to the rational financial requests of his wife? And what has this got to do with a woman not being permitted to say 'No' to the rational sexual requests of her husband?

Wassalaam

Salam.

According to the textbooks, there are differeces between men and women brains and cognition(i.e., sexual dimorphisms of cognition).

Read the ff text which is from the book, NEUROSCIENCE-Exploring the Brain, Fourth edition, page 598,

"Reports of cognitive dimorphism are sometimes accompanied by an evolutionary explanation: Men evolved as hunters and relied more on their abilities to nevigate their environment. Women evolved the behavior of staying closer to home to care for children, so they were more social and verbal.
Numerous studies have reported that women are beter at verbal tasks.....
Tasks that reportedly favor men include map reading, maze learning, and mathematical reasoning."

I believe that men and women are different, but this does not mean that one is better than the other. Indeed, men are better in some cases and women are better in another cases, so that they can complete each other.

 

[The_Fisher_King]

Salam.

According to the textbooks, there are differeces between men and women brains and cognition(i.e., sexual dimorphisms of cognition).

Read the ff text which is from the book, NEUROSCIENCE-Exploring the Brain, Fourth edition, page 598,

"Reports of cognitive dimorphism are sometimes accompanied by an evolutionary explanation: Men evolved as hunters and relied more on their abilities to nevigate their environment. Women evolved the behavior of staying closer to home to care for children, so they were more social and verbal.
Numerous studies have reported that women are beter at verbal tasks.....
Tasks that reportedly favor men include map reading, maze learning, and mathematical reasoning."

I believe that men and women are different, but this does not mean that one is better than the other. Indeed, men are better in some cases and women are better in another cases, so that they can complete each other.

Salaam,

For my part, I believe that gender is a very fluid thing, and therefore that gender roles are also very fluid. We clearly have different views on this. This being Islam DIR (rather than a debate section), I think we're probably going to have to leave this here (I've probably gone a bit too far down the road of a debate already LOL).

Hope you're having a good Ramadhaan

Wassalaam

 

[Tomorrows_Child]

Really good and informative thread.