@Sunstone I have a cache of your great threads to write responses to, and don't know where I should begin. I'll get round to each in turn, when my schedule is freer.
I think that your OP is a refreshing take on this justly famous passage, the common interpretations of which have become somewhat vanilla and 'Sunday school PC' given its widespread currency in popular culture.
The staple mindset shared among the majority of 'mystics', might be well summarized in a pithy quatrain by Angelus Silesius (c. 1624 – 9 July 1677), one of my favourite of the Catholic mystics:
Alexandrines of Angelus Silesius
@9-10ths_Penguin opines that Jesus contradicted his own doctrine of non-judgementalism (which I must admit, no one I've read has argued might be an interpolation) courtesy of the colourful language he used in denouncing certain religious opponents, such as the Pharisees and Sadducees.
In his defence, I would argue that he did that only to warn his disciples against following poor models for imitation and not blindly accepting the superior authority of religious leaders, merely forthe fact that they occupy a supposedly elevated "holy" office. The historical Jesus, scholars explain, was passionately committed to the belief that the temple system and the ritual puritans who vouched for it were about to be radically uprooted in a great seismic historical change (the apocalyptic dimension to his thought). The apocryphal Gospel of Thomas preserves something of these theological assumptions, despite its probable final redaction in the second century, in its third logion:
Gospel of Thomas (Lambdin Translation) -- The Nag Hammadi Library
He had a strong dislike for the hierarchical structure of the Judean religious establishment (i.e. "Don't let anyone call you 'Rabbi,' for you have only one teacher, and all of you are equal as brothers and sisters" (Matthew 23:8) and "But you shall not be like them. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves." (Luke 22:26)).
This partisan agenda on his part, and the bold language he employed to back it up, was much less about judging the motives of these religious leaders (i.e. "forgive them for they know not what they do", right?) than it was ensuring that his disciples did not submit themselves to the yoke of their office and sanctimonious authority, since in the words of Jesus,
"They tie up heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on the people's shoulders, but they themselves do not to lift a finger to move them...and they take the place of honor at banquets and the chief seats in the synagogues, and [receive] respectful greetings in the market places, and [are] called Rabbi by men" (Matthew 23:4-7) and yet by their elitist actions, "shut off the kingdom of heaven from the people, devour widows' houses...and travel over land and sea to win a single convert" (Matthew 23:13-15).
There is a potent undercurrent of radical populism underlying these remarks, that should not be divorced from their appropriate context.
Readers are often surprised to find that Jesus condemned mainstream Judaism of his day for being a proselytising faith (particularly in light of what his own followers were about to unleash on the world for the next two millenia) but it was not averse to such activities at this time:
Idumaean
And wikipedia::
Jesus likely had in mind events like this earlier expansionist policy of forced conversion by the independent Jewish state (before its occupation by the Romans) and he condemned it unreservingly.
As I have reiterated before, Jesus properly understood was as far from judgmental as a religious teacher can humanly expect to be.
One need only consider the research of eminent, secular New Testament scholars such as Professors Geza Vermes, E.P. Sanders, Marcus Borg and John P. Meier in this respect.
The Jewish scholar Geza Vermes believed that Jesus' association with people scapegoated as 'sinners' by the mainstream, orthodox religious establishment (the holiness system and ritual puritans), was the factor that differentiated him more than any other from his contemporaries and predecessors. In the postscript to Jesus the Jew, he described this as constituting what was special about the teaching of Jesus, saying this:
I think that your OP is a refreshing take on this justly famous passage, the common interpretations of which have become somewhat vanilla and 'Sunday school PC' given its widespread currency in popular culture.
The staple mindset shared among the majority of 'mystics', might be well summarized in a pithy quatrain by Angelus Silesius (c. 1624 – 9 July 1677), one of my favourite of the Catholic mystics:
Alexandrines of Angelus Silesius
I know the nightingale mocks not the cuckoo's call;
Though my song apes not yours, may I not sing at all?
Which is to say, one is enjoined to tolerate and even transcend differences in others without passing judgement (within due measure). And I think that you are correct in the belief that this is intricately bound up with, or rather the logical conclusion of, the experience of all-pervading oneness and the breakdown in barriers that their consciousness perceives. A particularly striking illustration of this tendency can be seen from reading the works of St. Angela of Foligno , (1248 - 1309), an Italian mystic of the Catholic Church:Though my song apes not yours, may I not sing at all?
In a vision I beheld the fullness of God in which I beheld and comprehended the whole creation, that is, what is on this side and what is beyond the sea, the abyss, the sea itself, and everything else. And in everything that I saw, I could perceive nothing except the presence of the power of God, and in a manner totally indescribable. And my soul in an excess of wonder cried out: "This world is pregnant with God!" ...
God presents himself in the inmost depths of my soul. I understand not only that he is present, but also how he is present in every creature and in everything that has being, in a devil and a good angel, in heaven and hell, in good deeds and in adultery or homicide, in all things, finally, which exist or have some degree of being, whether beautiful or ugly.
She further said: I also understand that he is no less present in a devil than a good angel. Therefore, while I am in this truth, I take no less delight in seeing or understanding his presence in a devil or in an act of adultery than I do in a good angel or in a good deed. This mode of divine presence in my soul has become almost habitual
I guess it becomes pretty difficult to adopt a censorious attitude to the world after you've experienced that! How many people have told you that they've been able to find the presence of God in "hell, the devil and acts adultery" because everything is "pregnant" with the one Being, without distinction as to merits,God presents himself in the inmost depths of my soul. I understand not only that he is present, but also how he is present in every creature and in everything that has being, in a devil and a good angel, in heaven and hell, in good deeds and in adultery or homicide, in all things, finally, which exist or have some degree of being, whether beautiful or ugly.
She further said: I also understand that he is no less present in a devil than a good angel. Therefore, while I am in this truth, I take no less delight in seeing or understanding his presence in a devil or in an act of adultery than I do in a good angel or in a good deed. This mode of divine presence in my soul has become almost habitual
(Paulist Press, 1993, pp. 212-213)
@9-10ths_Penguin opines that Jesus contradicted his own doctrine of non-judgementalism (which I must admit, no one I've read has argued might be an interpolation) courtesy of the colourful language he used in denouncing certain religious opponents, such as the Pharisees and Sadducees.
In his defence, I would argue that he did that only to warn his disciples against following poor models for imitation and not blindly accepting the superior authority of religious leaders, merely forthe fact that they occupy a supposedly elevated "holy" office. The historical Jesus, scholars explain, was passionately committed to the belief that the temple system and the ritual puritans who vouched for it were about to be radically uprooted in a great seismic historical change (the apocalyptic dimension to his thought). The apocryphal Gospel of Thomas preserves something of these theological assumptions, despite its probable final redaction in the second century, in its third logion:
Gospel of Thomas (Lambdin Translation) -- The Nag Hammadi Library
Jesus said, "If your religious leaders say to you, 'Look, the (Father's) kingdom is in the sky,' then the birds of the sky will precede you. If they say to you, 'It is in the sea,' then the fish will precede you. Rather, the (Father's) kingdom is within you and it is outside you....
His disciples said to him: On what day will the kingdom come? Jesus said: It cometh not with observation. They will not say: Lo, here! or: Lo, there! But the kingdom of the Father is spread out upon the earth, and men do not see it.
His disciples said to him: On what day will the kingdom come? Jesus said: It cometh not with observation. They will not say: Lo, here! or: Lo, there! But the kingdom of the Father is spread out upon the earth, and men do not see it.
He had a strong dislike for the hierarchical structure of the Judean religious establishment (i.e. "Don't let anyone call you 'Rabbi,' for you have only one teacher, and all of you are equal as brothers and sisters" (Matthew 23:8) and "But you shall not be like them. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves." (Luke 22:26)).
This partisan agenda on his part, and the bold language he employed to back it up, was much less about judging the motives of these religious leaders (i.e. "forgive them for they know not what they do", right?) than it was ensuring that his disciples did not submit themselves to the yoke of their office and sanctimonious authority, since in the words of Jesus,
"They tie up heavy burdens, hard to bear, and lay them on the people's shoulders, but they themselves do not to lift a finger to move them...and they take the place of honor at banquets and the chief seats in the synagogues, and [receive] respectful greetings in the market places, and [are] called Rabbi by men" (Matthew 23:4-7) and yet by their elitist actions, "shut off the kingdom of heaven from the people, devour widows' houses...and travel over land and sea to win a single convert" (Matthew 23:13-15).
There is a potent undercurrent of radical populism underlying these remarks, that should not be divorced from their appropriate context.
Readers are often surprised to find that Jesus condemned mainstream Judaism of his day for being a proselytising faith (particularly in light of what his own followers were about to unleash on the world for the next two millenia) but it was not averse to such activities at this time:
Idumaean
Edomite history was marked by continuous hostility and warfare with Jews, Assyrians, and Syrians. At the end of the 2d cent. B.C., they were subdued by Hasmonaean priest-king John Hyrcanus I, forcibly circumcised, and merged with the Jews. Herod the Great was Idumaean.
And wikipedia::
Forced conversions occurred under the Hasmonean Empire. The Idumaens were forced to convert to Judaism, either by threats of exile, or threats of death, depending on the source.[26][27]
In Eusebíus, Christianity, and Judaism Harold W. Attridge claims that “there is reason to think that Josephus’ account of their conversion is substantially accurate.” He also writes, "That these were not isolated instances but that forced conversion was a national policy is clear from the fact that Alexander Jannaeus (ca 80 BCE) demolished the city of Pella in Moab, 'because the inhabitants would not agree to adopt the national custom of the Jews.'" Josephus, Antiquities. 13.15.4.[28]
Maurice Sartre has written of the "policy of forced Judaization adopted by Hyrcanos, Aristobulus I and Jannaeus", who offered "the conquered peoples a choice between expulsion or conversion"
In Eusebíus, Christianity, and Judaism Harold W. Attridge claims that “there is reason to think that Josephus’ account of their conversion is substantially accurate.” He also writes, "That these were not isolated instances but that forced conversion was a national policy is clear from the fact that Alexander Jannaeus (ca 80 BCE) demolished the city of Pella in Moab, 'because the inhabitants would not agree to adopt the national custom of the Jews.'" Josephus, Antiquities. 13.15.4.[28]
Maurice Sartre has written of the "policy of forced Judaization adopted by Hyrcanos, Aristobulus I and Jannaeus", who offered "the conquered peoples a choice between expulsion or conversion"
Jesus likely had in mind events like this earlier expansionist policy of forced conversion by the independent Jewish state (before its occupation by the Romans) and he condemned it unreservingly.
As I have reiterated before, Jesus properly understood was as far from judgmental as a religious teacher can humanly expect to be.
One need only consider the research of eminent, secular New Testament scholars such as Professors Geza Vermes, E.P. Sanders, Marcus Borg and John P. Meier in this respect.
The Jewish scholar Geza Vermes believed that Jesus' association with people scapegoated as 'sinners' by the mainstream, orthodox religious establishment (the holiness system and ritual puritans), was the factor that differentiated him more than any other from his contemporaries and predecessors. In the postscript to Jesus the Jew, he described this as constituting what was special about the teaching of Jesus, saying this:
In one respect, more than any other, Jesus differed from both his contemporaries and even his prophetic predecessors. The prophets spoke on behalf of the honest poor, and defended the widows and the fatherless, those oppressed and exploited by the wicked, rich and powerful. Jesus went further. In addition to proclaiming these blessed, he actually took his stand among the pariahs of his world, those despised by the respectable. Sinners were his table-companions and the ostracised tax-collectors and prostitutes his friends.
[Jesus the Jew, Geza Vermes, 1994, p. 196]
[Jesus the Jew, Geza Vermes, 1994, p. 196]
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