Your statement is false. We do know what cells do. There are no mysterious effects of cellular activity, and certainly nothing that logically would produce unified awareness or the ability of persons to choose between available options.
Not quite. While you might know "what cells do," you do not know what "networks of interconnected cells with feedback" do in complete detail.
We know what oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms do, too. Yet, when they are combined into water, there is no difference in either -- neither, for example, is wet or a strong solvent -- and yet the water which they make up is both of those things. Those qualities "emerge" without the slightest change to the atoms involved.
I am completely aware of the arguments against "emergentism," but they are incomplete and do not stand up. Systems are not the same as the the discrete parts of which they are made. Watch as a flock of starlings does something that no individual starling is doing on its own.
In the same way, I am convinced, as are many involved in neuroscience that consciousness really is an emergent property of a system of neurons doing something that no individual neuron does.
Here are my reasons:
- In all of neurological science, there has never been proposed a method to test for or measure consciousness as a property of matter.
- We do know that an awake brain is conscious -- ours and others', but we also know (or you would if you'd ever had surgery under a general) that the sleeping (dreamless sleep, as in under anaesthetic) is not conscious. I've had several such surgeries, and I assure you that the "conscious me" was not there. I'd remember, as I frequently remember dreams. This suggests that there is a real reason to believe that consciousness results from some activity happening in the brain.
- Furthermore, it is know that both sleeping and awake brains (even under anaesthetic) are almost equally active, neurologically. It has been demonstrated that such sleeping brains (even when under) process sensory information such as sound, yet there is no consciousness of it. This suggests, to me at least, that consciousness is not just neurological activity, but activity of a very special kind.
- Finally, the change in conscious states (waking, dreaming, dreamless sleep, and general anesthesia) are observable as wave patterns measured via EEG. The EEG measures wide-spread synchronized neural activity. So whatever consciousness is, it seems to be correlated to some types of global neural activity patterns.