eating: animals seek out resources and process them for energy so that life is prolonged.
"Seek out" needs clarification. Some plants 'seek out' sunlight. They compete for it. Some plants poison those nearby to gain nutrition from soil. This doesn't make them animals. Tapeworms are animals, but don't seem to seek anything, they just absorb nutrients.
sleeping: All animals have some period of inactivity (which we can call sleep), thought not in the same way.
I think there's more to it than that. Sleep involves specific brain activity. It has a specific EEG signature. Not all animals even have brains, much less specific periods of inactivity. Does a sponge sleep? How about the aforementioned tapeworm?
mating: yeah mating=reproduce in this case.
Bacteria reproduce. Tulips reproduce. Amoeba reproduce. reproduction is not a definitive feature of animals.
Defence: This is a higher function, but that is mean here that animals have a sense of "Mine", and understanding that I ought to protect either myself (survival) or that which belongs to me, either consciously or instinctively..
Not all animals have higher functions, or any sense of anything, much less "mine."
say our moral agency invests us with certain obligations, but I don't see how it gives us any more rights than many other animals.
I agree. The 'human' characteristics we we use in ascribing rights to others exist in many other animals.
It is certainly how our society operates. We give certain inalienable rights to humans, that we don't give to animals. We must find a basis for why this discrimination exists, and capacity for moral understanding creates this clear division. It is certainly the basis of anthropomorphic theories of morality. Basically since morality is a human concept, only humans are ultimate moral ends (animals may have relative moral rights, but human rights are absolute ends). It is rationality or even its capacity/eventuality (ability to act upon representations of moral law) which gives a human being such inalienable rights.
No. This is speciesism. Rationality and a moral sense are not the features we actually use in ascribing rights to humans.
debatable apparently
Study: Man did not evolve from apes - UPI.com
www.upi.com › Science News
- Cached
Oct 1, 2009 - A U.S. biological anthropologist says he's determined
humans did
not evolve from
apes
Irrelevant --
Chimps did not evolve from apes, either, but that doesn't make them non-apes.
Chimpanzees, orang-utans, humans, bonobos and gorillas all evolved from a common, non-ape ancestor. All are Apes.