A small summery for context
0 some people keep saying "there is no evidence for God".... I am accepting the challenge of proving evidence for God
1 but first ....I'm asking about the concept of evidence, aiming to find an objective way to determine when something counts as evidence // the purpose is to understand what do you mean by evidence when you say there is no evidence for God.
2
@Subduction Zone proposed that evidence is something that supports a hypothesis, that flows as a consequence of following the scientific method. .... So if my hypothesis is that God created the universe..... I would have to provide something that supports that hypothesis, but this something has to pass the filter of the scientific method . (This "something" would be the evidence)
3 I suggested that gravitational lensing is evidence for an invisible substance with gravity (Dark Matter) with the purpose of determining if I personally understand
@Subduction Zone s concept of evidence ..... It is important that the main purpose of the dark matter exercise is to show that I understand the concept of evidence according to
@Subduction Zone s rules
4 coming up next ,
@Subduction Zone explanation for why I failed in justifying that gravitational lensing is evidence for Dark Matter.......... Note that he doesn't disagree on that gravitational lensing is evidence for dark matter .... Just that I personally failed in justifying it. Implying that I still don't understand what evidence is
Is this a fair summery? Would you add or remove anything...... Am I representing your view correctly ?
For context...
My hypothesis:
Stars in Galaxies Remain attached because there is an invisible substance with gravitational force (Dark Matter)
As people explained to you again and again a hypothesis is an explanation. You never presented an explanation:
"A scientific hypothesis is a tentative, testable explanation for a phenomenon in the natural world. It's the initial building block in the
scientific method. Many describe it as an "educated guess" based on prior knowledge and observation. While this is true, a hypothesis is more informed than a guess. While an "educated guess" suggests a random prediction based on a person's expertise, developing a hypothesis requires active observation and background research. "
So you need much more than a statement. A hypothesis can often be described in a single sentence but in no way is that the hypothesis itself. And all that you had was a single sentence description
Many describe it as an "educated guess" based on prior knowledge and observation.
Is that your concern? I thought it was implicit and therefore not necessarily...... But you are the boss and you are correct we need prior knowledge in order to call it a hypothesis....... In the case of my hypothesis (in red letters above) the prior knowledge would be general theory of relativity, how gravity works, how strong the force is, how to measure the mass and force of gravity of stars and galaxies etc.....
Given this prior knowledge scientist where able of determining that there is not enough mass and gravitational force in stars..... to keep them attached to their galaxy
Is this good enough for you ,? ...... Yes I understand that I am oversimplifying the prior knowledge..... But this is just a forum..... You are not expecting me to write a book are you?
Not only that but the explanation has to be thorough enough so that one can make predictions with it, And those predictions are what can be used to test the hypothesis.
I think I did explained that..... If there is a substance with gravity we would predict to observe gravitational leansing
"The basic idea of a hypothesis is that there is no predetermined outcome. For a solution to be termed a scientific hypothesis, it has to be an idea that can be supported or refuted through carefully crafted experimentation or observation. This concept, called falsifiability and testability, was advanced in the mid-20th century by Austrian-British philosopher Karl Popper in his famous book "The Logic of Scientific Discovery" (Routledge, 1959).
I think my example accomplished that standard..... The hypothesis is testable and falsifiable........ If there is no gravitational lensing then whatever is keeping the stars attached has nothing to do with gravity..... Falsifying the hypothesis
A key function of a hypothesis is to derive predictions about the results of future experiments and then perform those experiments to see whether they support the predictions."
Not sure why you think this is relevant.... Whether if the hypothesis makes predictions or not has no bearing on whether if gravitational leansing is evidence for the hypothesis.
If you think is relevant I would appreciate more details on what are you talking about.
I am also curious on why are you having so much focus in the concept of hypothesis....... the main focus in this conversation is the concept of " evidence"
Anyway a little bit of explaining would be appreciated
Do you understand now how you were not close to having a hypothesis?
Sorry I was influenced by your previous comment where you say that "I was close "
So conclusion
Gravitational Leansing is evidence for the hypothesis (in red letters above) because given all the prior knowledge that we have and according to general relativity..... Things with gravity produce this effect of gravitational leansing..and tests can be done to detect this leansing........... The success of this tests in detecting gravitational lensing support the claim that there is something invisible with gravity that keeps the stars attached.
Alternative hypothesis that claim that stars are attached for some other reason that has nothing to do with gravity.....are strongly refuted by gravitational leansing...
So for these reasons gravitational leansing is evidence for the hypothesis.
Do you think my understanding of evidence is correct? What would you add?
I am aware of the fact that I am oversimplifying the concepts.......but have I made any relevant mistakes?