can-depression-be-cured-or-only-managed
First, focus on the meaning of cure. Effective treatment can be broken down into cure, mitigation, and palliation.
A cure of an illness or condition in medicine means its complete and permanent removal. There are few areas where this is possible. Infectious diseases and surgery are two. It is at times possible to give a patient an antibiotic or an operation and restore them to their premorbid state of health. With cures, treatment is finite. The antibiotics are stopped, for example, and there is no relapse.
Nature, especially our immune systems and repair mechanisms, provides some natural cures. Somebody mentioned the cold virus and colds. These are generally self-cured, that is, after the cold, our health is indistinguishable from its premorbid state, but not because of any medical intervention.
Next is mitigating treatment, which slows or maybe even halts the progression of the disease but doesn't eliminate or eradicate it nor necessarily reverse damage that has already occurred. Treatment of conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol fall into this category, and not necessarily with medications. Weight loss, diet, and exercise therapy may mitigate any or all of these and restore numbers to normal without other treatment, but the underlying disorder remains, and if there has already been some heart or kidney damage, it won't necessarily reverse itself even with good control of the numbers. If the patient relapses (returns to an unhealthy weight and/or lifestyle), the condition may return to its uncontrolled pretreatment status. It has not been cured.
Then there is palliation, which is therapy that reduces symptoms but doesn't affect the natural progression of the disease. Palliative treatment neither cures nor mitigates disease - just symptoms.
With that in mind, no, depression cannot be cured except naturally by the occasional spontaneous and permanent remission, but not by medical intervention. Depression - which comes in an assortment of subtypes such as reactive vs endogenous, major vs minor, unipolar vs bipolar, etc. - can often be mitigated with pharmacological and possibly psychotherapeutic interventions, at often disappears as mysteriously as it came whether for now or forever. If it is forever, we can say that the body cured itself. If depression is recurrent and episodic, then the underlying problem remains and is at best mitigated when it recurs.
Hope that helps. I've found it to be a useful conceptual framework.