Of course the elephant in the room is life itself and what it is. It might have arisen "naturally", organically, and with nothing more than space, time, and matter but this doesn't explain the nature of consciousness and how it originated.
You still haven’t that “ALL LIFE” have consciousness.
Consciousness have only been demonstrated and tested on organisms that have central nervous system, especially those with brains. And most of those tests were on human consciousness.
Particularly microorganisms of the Bacteria and Archaea domain, algae and plants and fungi, cannot be demonstrated of being “consciousness”.
And even some animals, particularly some invertebrate species, such as sponges and corals, have not been demonstrated to have “consciousness”.
What all life “do have” are cells, some are unicellular organisms, other multicellular organisms.
These cells come of two main types, prokaryotic cell for all species of bacteria and of archaea, and eukaryotic cell for all other organisms (eukaryotes) that are multicellular organisms, eg fungi, plants, animals (invertebrates and vertebrates), while there are some unicellular eukaryotes, eg protists and protozoans.
I am not going to explain in details of what prokaryotic cell and what eukaryotic cell are, except to say that prokaryotic cells have no cellular “nucleus” and no organelles, which eukaryotic cells do have, and that’s the difference between the two types of cells. So if you want to know more about prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell, then I would suggest that you look them up.
That is all about what all organisms “do have” in common, they have cells.
What are others things that “all life” have in common in what they “can do” are:
- The ability to convert certain matters into energy to sustain their own life. For examples, to turn carbohydrates into energy, sugars and glucose for animals and starch for plants.
- The ability to reproduce in some ways, in which they pass on their genetic traits to “offspring”.
Animals tends to feed on other organisms, and they have digestive systems that can convert what they feed on into sugars, which are their energy source, to keep organs and cells functioning.
Plants relied on starch (carbohydrates) as their energy sources, and this is achieved with their cells having chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll. And chlorophyll is what all plant use to use sunlight or more precisely ultraviolet light to convert the intakes of water (H
2O) and carbon dioxide (CO
2) and convert them (through chemical reactions) into starch and oxygen. Oxygen (O
2) are waste product for plants, but are air for animals. This process is called “photosynthesis”, and some other organisms are capable of photosynthesis, eg green algae, and species of bacteria, called Cyanobacteria.
The points being that animals and plants get their energy in certain certain ways, and fungi, bacteria and archaea get their energies from other ways, but I know less about how they acquire their carbohydrates.
Likewise, different organisms have different ways to reproduce. Plants used either spores or seeds to reproduce new plants. While animals either lay their eggs in water (eg fishes, amphibians) or they lay their eggs on land (eg reptiles and birds) or the embryos/fetus stay in female wombs for period before giving live birth (eg “most” mammals).
If you notice I quoted “most” with mammals, because there are very few exceptions. Echidna and platypus are the only mammals I know of, that lay their eggs, instead of giving live births.
Bacteria reproduce though binary fission. Don’t ask me about how fungi and archaea “reproduce”; research it yourself.
Those are the three things that all life have in common -
(A) have cells,
(B) require carbohydrates as energy sources to sustain life,
(C) and be capable of reproducing in some ways
- and consciousness isn’t one of those requirements for life, as consciousness are not required for many organisms.
And btw, virion and viruses are not living organisms as they don’t have cells. Viruses are infecting agents, capable of infecting cells of living organisms.