When I was brought up the Universe contained "ÄLL" since the big bang. I am now a science teacher and when approached by those of a religious bent I explain it this way. Like a concentric pool of Venn Diagrams I explain here is the Universe and here is that we do know and here is that we don't know. Although god does not exist in the "known to me" (evidence) Universe, but I cannot presuppose he does not exist in the realm that is not known. What we do know is mathematics is universal, physics is its manifestation in mass, energy, space and time. As a subset of this is chemistry the electronic interactions of matter. Then Biology, sentience, psychology, sociology, religion, science and technology and information. We are part of an amazing experiment of chaos resulting in sentience and evolution. The drive is to improve....health, longevity, wealth, standard of living quality of life. We are part of an evolutionary process. We are neither the start nor the end of this process which will last several million years and we may have as much resemblance to future man as us and Australopithecus.
Results form the Hubble telescope and other deep space analysis, indicate matter, physics and chemistry on the other side of the universe and basically the same as here.
Getting back to the original topic, where what I was after is, what are the limits of the universe. Consider the Big Bang , expanding over time 13.8 BYO matter spreads out behind a massive burst of light radiation, followed by subatomic particles eg electrons followed by "chunky matter" (us). While in religious terms God is beyond all this scientific stuff and can just whip up the whole Universe of amazing complexity, in a few seconds, that is really cool if was true. The problem is the quandary of contradictions of where did god come form, what mechanism of his interaction with our world etc etc.
Taking the scientific definition we are the product of a "Big Bang" phenomena, our egocentric aptitude blinded us to the possibility that this may not be a unique event. Quasars are a phenomena that show a brilliance of thousands of galaxies, are these other local "Big Bangs". All things in the Universe rotate so it is odds on the whole universe rotates. Russian and Canadian estimates this rate as 10^-13 rad/sec a very slow rate. But wind back the clock 13.8 billion years and our universe would have been spinning a lot faster (remember the spinning ice skater that pulls in her arms and spins faster to maintain her angular momentum?). this leads to a figure of about 30,000 km because beyond that particles would have to violate the speed of light axiom of our physics.Where did the Universal angular momentum come from?
Is this evidence of a previously collapsing earlier universe? A perpetual oscillation between energy and matter?
Perhaps a "Big Bang occurs when a spinning black hole gathers so much matter that its diameter reaches this light speed circumference value destabilizes and initiates the next Big Bang.
Some black holes may spin at different rates so fast ones explode earlier, but slow ones are far more powerful.
What is your definition?
Cheers
