OK, here we go again. I'm putting on my **** storm-resistant HAZMAT suit.
Hindu is the Old Persian pronunciation of Sindhu, using a regular sound shift from 's' in Sanskrit to 'h' in Old Persian. It is
NOT, I repeat,
IT IS NOT a corruption by Arabs, Greeks, Muslims, Alpha Centauriani, Zeta Reticuliani. It is one of thousands of regular sound changes that occur in all languages from the Inuit languages to Japanese to Papua New Guinean languages.
Sindhu = hindu; sapta = hapta; saptasindhu (seven rivers) = haptahindu; saraswati = ha(i)rovati. And no, as someone tried to punk me on HDF, because of this Persia would not be Perhia; Persia is a Greek word.
We get India from Latin Indus via Greek Indoi. Greek drops the initali 'h' aspiration in some instances (hellenic in English, elliniki in Greek), and uses -oi or -1 as a masculine or neuter plural nominative. That's how we get 'India'.
Anyway, 'deva' being a masc. sing. nominative is an -a stem word because the bulk of PIE m.s.n. nouns that ended in -o became -a stem words and is the largest class of nouns. That's why so many m.s.n. nouns in Sanskrit end in -a. The feminine singular nominative ends in -i and has not changed from PIE.
Why Sanskrit changed -o stem m.s.n. to -a is a mystery to me, considering that many other IE languages preserved the -o stem for masc. sing. nom. Yet the feminine changed to -a or -e stems in those languages or remained -i.
But that's not the end of it in Sanskrit... consider 'devomaheshvara' ("guru brahmā guru vishnu guru devomaheshvara...". Deva + mahā + ishvara = devo + mah(e)shvara due to sandhi. Sandhi can really play with your head. Btw, sandhi is the term used for the sound changes between words in any language... a(n)apple, a(n)orange, a bat is an example of sandhi in English. Della donna stupida in Italian (of the stupid woman or the stupid woman's) from di + la donna stupida... Italian sandhi from remnant Latin inflection.
End of lingusitic pedantry.
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