Messianic Prophecy
First let's start with the birth of Yeshua predicted in Micah 5:1-3, where we see the Moshiach coming from Bethlehem:
1 But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days.
According to the New Testament, Yeshua was born in Bethlehem (see Matthew 2:1 and Luke 2:4-7) fulfilling this messianic prophecy. It is often argued that Yeshua could have simply attempted to fulfill all the messianic prophecies. But how could he of planned where he was born? And was he willing to risk being killed by crucifixion for a lie?
Now let's look at Daniel 9 and a prophecy that not only predicted the rebuilding of Jerusalem, but also the Moshiach to come, a Moshiach who was then killed right before the destruction of Jerusalem. Could this really be so accurate? Was the time of the Moshiach really prophesied to happen before the destruction of Jerusalem, which happened in 70 A.D? This would mean that Yeshua would have to be the Moshiach and when you look at the rest of the prophecies we will cover, there is no doubt he was. Daniel reads:
24 Seventy weeks are decreed upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sin, and to forgive iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal vision and prophet, and to anoint the most holy place.
25 Know therefore and discern, that from the going forth of the word to restore and to build Jerusalem unto one anointed, a prince, shall be seven weeks; and for threescore and two weeks, it shall be built again, with broad place and moat, but in troublous times.
26 And after the threescore and two weeks shall an anointed one be cut off, and be no more; and the people of a prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; but his end shall be with a flood; and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
We see that Jerusalem is rebuilt, sin is ended and everlasting righteousness is brought in, the anointed one comes (Moshiach) and is killed, and then the city of Jerusalem is destroyed. This depicts the events that really happened in history to the tee. We know that the temple and Jerusalem were rebuilt (Ezra 6) and that Jerusalem was destroyed by fire in 70 A.D. by Titus and the Romans. These are both well known historical facts. Daniel's messianic prophecy requires that the Moshiach come in between these two events! And Yeshua did just that! G-d really can't make it any clearer; Yeshua not only came but was cut off or killed just like the prophecy said!
It is often argued that the phrase "anointed one" is not referring to Yeshua. While I think this is a poor argument, we only have to ask one question. What about what it says will happen in verse 24? When did this happen, when did transgression come to an end, when was everlasting righteousness brought in, and when was the most Holy place anointed? The temple was destroyed in 70 A.D. and if we interpret these verses without Yeshua than everlasting righteousness lasted a very short time! These questions cannot be answered without Yeshua!
The Jewish temple was never rebuilt since it's destruction in 70 A.D. This time is actually prophesied in the book of Hosea (3:4-5):
4 For the children of Israel shall sit solitary many days without king, and without prince, and without sacrifice, and without pillar, and without ephod or teraphim;
5 afterward shall the children of Israel return, and seek HaShem their G-d, and David their king; and shall come trembling unto HaShem and to His goodness in the end of days.
The Jewish people have gone without a sacrifice for the past two thousand years! Israel becoming a nation and G-d bringing home the Jewish people from all parts of the globe is fulfillment of this prophecy!
But going back to the coming of the Moshiach before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D., did the sacrifice stop in 70 A.D. or at the death of the Moshiach? Yeshua died about 40 years prior to then and according to the New Testament (Math. 27:50-51):
50 And when Yeshua had cried out again in a loud voice, he gave up his spirit.
51 At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook and the rocks split.
So shouldn't the temple sacrifice have stopped when Yeshua died, about 40 years before the temple's destruction? Could we possibly have mention in the Talmud about this? YES! The Talmud's Masekhet Yoma says:
"40 years before the destruction of the sanctuary... its western lamp went out and the doors of the sanctuary opened themselves. Then Rabbi Johanan Ben Zakkai (who died ca. 90 AD) rebuked them, saying, 'Temple, O Temple, why dost thou grieve so? I know this about thee, that thou shalt be destroyed. The prophet Zechariah has, after all, foretold of thee; Open thy doors, O Lebanon, so that fire may devour your cedars' (11:1). Rabbi Yitshak Ben Tablai said, 'That is why its name was called Lebanon, because it makes white the sins of Israel.' "This cryptic name 'Lebanon' for the Temple is derived from the root laban or 'white'.116
We have documentation from the Talmud to support what Mathew tells us!
Now let's look at a very interesting prophecy in Genesis (49:10):
10 The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, as long as men come to Shiloh; and unto him shall the obedience of the peoples be.
This is the one verse where I'll also include another translation. Christians have interpreted this verse to talk about 'Shiloh' as the Moshiach. The New American Standard Version reads:
The scepter shall not depart from Judah,
Nor the ruler's staff from between his feet,
[a]Until Shiloh comes,
And (B)to him shall be the obedience of the peoples.
When you read the second half of the Tanakh's verse "and unto him shall the obedience of the peoples be", you have to ask who? The better translation in this case looks to be the one that uses "until shiloh comes" as the rest of the verse then makes sense.
Rabbis have understood the word "scepter" in this prophecy to mean the ability to enforce Mosaic law, including the right to administer capital punishment. There is also a connection to the identity and the record keeping of the genealogies. This is supported by Rabbi Rachmon who states in the Talmud:
"When the members of the Sanhedrin found themselves deprived of their right over life and death, a general consternation took possession of them: they covered their heads with ashes, and their bodies with sackcloth, exclaiming: 'Woe unto us for the scepter has departed from Judah and the Moshiach has not come'"
We also see that there is evidence from the Talmud that the Jewish people believed the scepter would not depart until the Moshiach came. But is this an example of Christian bias? Can we find any other ancient rabbinical references to this verse regarding the scepter remaining until Moshiach comes and 'Shiloh' being used to denote the Moshiach? Yes! In fact here are a good bunch:
The Targum Onkelos states:
"The transmission of domain shall not cease from the house of Judah, nor the scribe from his children's children, forever, until Messiah comes."6
The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan states:
"King and rulers shall not cease from the house of Judah...until King Messiah comes"7
The Targum Yerushalmi reads:
"Kings shall not cease from the house of Judah...until the time of the coming of the King Messiah...to whom all the dominions of the earth shall become subservient"7
The Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 98b), Rabbi Johanan said:
"The world was created for the sake of the Messiah, what is this Messiah's name? The school of Rabbi Shila said 'his name is Shiloh, for it is written; until Shiloh come.'"
The reason this is so important is that the scepter was removed after Yeshua had come! The Moshiach had to of come before the scepter was removed and it was removed after Yeshua came. The Talmud tells us below that roughly forty years before the destruction of the temple the scepter was removed:
"A little more than forty years before the destruction of the Temple, the power of pronouncing capital sentences was taken away from the Jews."
What are all these references in the Talmud to 40 years before the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, did a Moshiach die for the sins of the world then? Yes!