One-answer - Well the debate about the existence of God has been going on for a long, long time now. I'm not alone when I say that I see no good evidence. So where does that leave me in a Muslim's eye as far as whether I'm doomed?
No one on earth can give you an answer for that.
I don't know your reasons. I don't know if you are true about your approach to Islam. I don't know if the clear message of Islam has been delivered to you.
Please don't take that as a mistrust. But I really don't know what is the whole picture and your whole experience with Islam. One thing I am sure of is that Allah is just and no body will ever object to His justice and this includes you.
This is not to put pressure on you, on the contrary. If you are true to yourself and your approach this should be a relief.
Just clear up your mind and approach the matter with an open heart. Just pray from your heart to God to show you the right path. Just try it.
As for apostasy, we have to understand the whole message of Islam.
First of all, Islam isn't unjust to anyone.
Second, when something happens in Islam, it doesn't mean that it is always the case. For example,it is reported that Caliph Omar Ibn lKhatab didn't work by the punishment imposed on the one who stole always.
The first case was when two workers for a man came. They stole from the person they work for and that person was demanding for their punishment.He asked them about the reason they did it. They said that the person they were working for was unjust and their salary wasn't enough to satisfy their basic needs. He said to the person, if I ever know that they stole again, the punishment would be for you.
Another case is when there was a hunger problem. I stopped working by that punishment.
Similarly, the killing of the apostates is not a random killing. It has reasons.
It is clear in the Quraan that there is no compulsion in religion. And I have presented you with some similar verses.
So why killing the apostates?
Like jihad is self defense, killing apostates has the same reasons. Let's look at the verses.
The first verse you referred to wasn't about apostates, it was about hypocrites.
4:88 What is [the matter] with you [that you are] two groups concerning the
hypocrites, while Allah has made them fall back [into error and disbelief] for what they earned. Do you wish to guide those whom Allah has sent astray? And he whom Allah sends astray - never will you find for him a way [of guidance].
4:89 They wish you would disbelieve as they disbelieved so you would be alike. So do not take from among them allies until they emigrate for the cause of Allah . But if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them and take not from among them any ally or helper.
These were in case of war.
Furthermore the verse 4:90 explains it and let us look about the exeptions.
4:90 Except for those who take refuge with a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty or those who come to you, their hearts strained at [the prospect of] fighting you or fighting their own people. And if Allah had willed, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. So if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then Allah has not made for you a cause [for fighting] against them.
Concerning verse 9:74
9:74 They swear by Allah that they did not say [anything against the Prophet] while they had said the word of disbelief and disbelieved after their [pretense of] Islam and planned that which they were not to attain. And they were not resentful except [for the fact] that Allah and His Messenger had enriched them of His bounty. So if they repent, it is better for them; but if they turn away, Allah will punish them with a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And there will not be for them on earth any protector or helper.
9:75
And what is [the matter] with you that you fight not in the cause of Allah and [for] the oppressed among men, women, and children who say, "Our Lord, take us out of this city of oppressive people and appoint for us from Yourself a protector and appoint for us from Yourself a helper?"
I think that verse explains verse 74.
As for the verse 54
5:54 O you who have believed, whoever of you should revert from his religion - Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble toward the believers, powerful against the disbelievers; they strive in the cause of Allah and do not fear the blame of a critic. That is the favor of Allah ; He bestows it upon whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
I didn't understand what is your concern with that?
Is it that Allah will bring forth (in place of them). ? All people will eventually die, this doesn't mean that they will automatically die.
If the concern is powerful against the disbelievers, than yes, for those who fought you and their actions are derived from the love of Allah and not the love of any other.
There are also many instructions in the Hadith to kill apostates, but in this thread we're trying to stick to the Quran.
Now just let me present you with one of the major strategies some use to make Islam look violent.
They say that Islam says kill them wherever you overtake them.
Actually this is true. But let's look at the context.
Here are the full verses
2:190-194
190 Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. Allah does not like transgressors.
191
And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah is worse than killing. And do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.
192 And if they cease, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
193 Fight them until there is no [more] fitnah and [until] worship is [acknowledged to be] for Allah . But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression except against the oppressors.
Notice that all was take is five words out of this context.
Let us reflect on the verses a little.
Verse 190 sets the first condition in which you would fight them. Not only that, it says don't transgress against whom? The same people who are fighting you. These are the conditions to fight them
Verse 191 says kill them wherever you overtake them but what is the condition? It is followed by expel them from wherever they have expelled you. This means you are fighting those who drove you out of your home. Something that all countries do. It is their right.
Verse 192 indicates that if they have stopped you should stop to. You don't say they started and I will finish them of. It adds that Allah is forgiving and merciful.
Verse 193 remind us why we are fighting. We are n ot fighting for revenge even though they are driving us out of our home. We are fighting for a much better cause. Verse 193 reminds us another time there should be no agression if they stopped.
This is Jihad we are talking about in the verses in which only 5 words are taken out of context.
One-answer, let me ask you from a different perspective: When you step back and think about the fact that the Quran criticizes non-believers over 500 times what conclusions do you draw about how you should think of non-believers? I understand you can find a few peaceful verses, but how does the number 500 feel to you? Why so many instructions?
I conclude that Allah is giving me how disbelievers think. Look Quraan is for all people who have different reactions towards things. Some need fear to step away from things. Some need logical thinking. Some look for rewards.
It is not about how I should think about believers. It is about what they do and why they are wrong.
The verses you are referring to as peaceful are not few. For example, there are like 110 verses of Jihad in the Quraan out of like 6400 verese or something like that.