• Welcome to Religious Forums, a friendly forum to discuss all religions in a friendly surrounding.

    Your voice is missing! You will need to register to get access to the following site features:
    • Reply to discussions and create your own threads.
    • Our modern chat room. No add-ons or extensions required, just login and start chatting!
    • Access to private conversations with other members.

    We hope to see you as a part of our community soon!

Elijah

101G

Well-Known Member
No one is suggesting that God needs to create sperm to bring about the conception in Mary. The Holy Spirit brings about the conception in Mary by a miracle. This means that the ovum in Mary is given the life of God. This is what is meant by the words 'that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost'.
Give LIFE of God? did you not hear yourself? "No one is suggesting that God needs to create sperm to bring about the conception in Mary."
NOTHING of Mary was used except her body. no egg was used. notta zilch. yes, miracle is correct. but no sperm, nor egg. just as with the First Adam, no sperm, no eggs was used, nor with the Last Adam.
Romans 1:3. 'Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;'
yes, MADE, not conceived, for MADE here is Generated, or the gestation period to be "BORN" God is not born.... nor concieved, only his body that he came in. do you understand the difference between "TOOK PART" vs "PARTAKE" in humanity, hello?

only Flesh and bone is Generated, or in gestation. not one human spirit is gestated. it is GIVEN,, listen and Learn. Isaiah 42:5 "Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein:" NOW, back to Isaiah 9:6 "

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."

child, FLESH, Son of God is "Generated, or in gestation" .... IN, IN, IN, the womb. and not Conceived in the womb. son, the spirit, the Son of Man is Given, never "Generated, or in gestation" got it now?
So, Jesus was flesh born of flesh,
ERROR, not Jesus, but his body was.
and the 'seed of David according to the flesh
that's Mary.
This means that he had to have had a genealogy that proves his blood line runs from Mary to David, which is the blood line shown us by Luke.
Another ERROR on your part, not by blood, but ..... by "BIRTHRIGHT".

101G,
 

Elihoenai

Well-Known Member
No, I believe that I am a child of God as taught by Jesus. Satan defeated, taken away and was never a God of this world.
Religion taught you to think that you are garbage. My theology informs me that I am a child of a Loving God.

Exchanging our will for Gods will is "giving things up".
1 John 3:8

8 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil.



Do you believe that you are Sinner that Yeshua/Jesus Must Save? When you say that you are a Child of Elohim/God that has defeated the Devil/Satan are you saying that you are Sinless and Perfect? Do you believe that there is such a thing as Sin? Do you accept the Matthew 1:21 verse?


Elohim/God created all the Religions. The teaching that Men/Women are Filthy Sinning Garbage Children of the Devil/Satan is Certainly True because of Adam's Inheritance. Same as you, @cOLTER, none of the 4.2 Billion Christians, Muslims or Judaizers Believe the Filthiness Condition otherwise they would stop Sinning or have Real Intention to do so. None of those 4.2 Billion have stopped Sinning or have Real Intention to do so because they are too busy enjoying the Flesh.


Do you agree that we Inherited Sin from Adam?


What are you giving up to do Elohim's/God's Will?
 
Last edited:

Redemptionsong

Well-Known Member
Give LIFE of God? did you not hear yourself? "No one is suggesting that God needs to create sperm to bring about the conception in Mary."
NOTHING of Mary was used except her body. no egg was used. notta zilch. yes, miracle is correct. but no sperm, nor egg. just as with the First Adam, no sperm, no eggs was used, nor with the Last Adam.

yes, MADE, not conceived, for MADE here is Generated, or the gestation period to be "BORN" God is not born.... nor concieved, only his body that he came in. do you understand the difference between "TOOK PART" vs "PARTAKE" in humanity, hello?

only Flesh and bone is Generated, or in gestation. not one human spirit is gestated. it is GIVEN,, listen and Learn. Isaiah 42:5 "Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath unto the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein:" NOW, back to Isaiah 9:6 "

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."

child, FLESH, Son of God is "Generated, or in gestation" .... IN, IN, IN, the womb. and not Conceived in the womb. son, the spirit, the Son of Man is Given, never "Generated, or in gestation" got it now?

ERROR, not Jesus, but his body was.

that's Mary.

Another ERROR on your part, not by blood, but ..... by "BIRTHRIGHT".

101G,
You're claiming that Mary was a surrogate mother, and this is wrong.

In chapter 2 of Matthew, Mary is referred to as 'his mother' on five separate occasions. Had Mary been a surrogate mother to Jesus, she would not have been referred to as 'his mother' without the addition of 'as was supposed' [Luke 3:23].

In John 7:42, it says, 'Hath not the scripture said, That Christ cometh of the seed of David, out of the town of Bethlehem, where David was?'

Jesus Christ cannot be of the seed of David without there being a blood line running to David. And, surrogacy is not a blood line.
 

101G

Well-Known Member
You're claiming that Mary was a surrogate mother, and this is wrong.
yes, a surrogate mother. Luke 1:34 "Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?" Luke 1:35 "And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God."

OVERSHADOW: G1982 ἐπισκιάζω episkiazo (ep-ee-skee-ad'-zo) v.
1. to cast a shade upon
2. (by analogy) to envelop in a haze of brilliancy
3. (figuratively) to invest with preternatural influence

what do preternatural means? answer, "out of the ordinary course of nature; exceptional or abnormal" is a man sperm natural/nature? yes, not used. is a woman eggs natural/nature? yes, not used.

how many times must we tell U before U get? ....... READ the scriptures, and look up words.

101G.
 

Colt

Well-Known Member
1 John 3:8

8 He that committeth sin is of the devil; for the devil sinneth from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that he might destroy the works of the devil.



Do you believe that you are Sinner that Yeshua/Jesus Must Save? When you say that you are a Child of Elohim/God that has defeated the Devil/Satan are you saying that you are Sinless and Perfect? Do you believe that there is such a thing as Sin? Do you accept the Matthew 1:21 verse?


Elohim/God created all the Religions. The teaching that Men/Women are Filthy Sinning Garbage Children of the Devil/Satan is Certainly True because of Adam's Inheritance. Same as you, @cOLTER, none of the 4.2 Billion Christians, Muslims or Judaizers Believe the Filthiness Condition otherwise they would stop Sinning or have Real Intention to do so. None of those 4.2 Billion have stopped Sinning or have Real Intention to do so because they are too busy enjoying the Flesh.


Do you agree that we Inherited Sin from Adam?


What are you giving up to do Elohim's/God's Will?
No! Sin is a knowing choice to oppose God. Sin isn’t inherited from Adam. Death came to Adam and Eve specifically due to their default. They came down from heaven to an evolved, populated and fallen earth.

Thy will not my will be done.

I’m not perfect, I’m a spiritual being having a human experience. Faith saves as taught by Jesus.
 

Redemptionsong

Well-Known Member
yes, a surrogate mother. Luke 1:34 "Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?" Luke 1:35 "And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God."

OVERSHADOW: G1982 ἐπισκιάζω episkiazo (ep-ee-skee-ad'-zo) v.
1. to cast a shade upon
2. (by analogy) to envelop in a haze of brilliancy
3. (figuratively) to invest with preternatural influence

what do preternatural means? answer, "out of the ordinary course of nature; exceptional or abnormal" is a man sperm natural/nature? yes, not used. is a woman eggs natural/nature? yes, not used.

how many times must we tell U before U get? ....... READ the scriptures, and look up words.

101G.
God is able to bring about the conception of Mary's ovum without the need to create human sperm! God is the Creator.

You seem impervious to the consequences of your theology. By saying that Mary was not biologically involved in Jesus' conception, you are making Jesus out to be an alien being, not a human being. Yet, God's intention was for the Suffering Servant to dwell amongst men as a human being. The redemption of mankind is not justly brought about without a sinless man overcoming death.

2 Thessalonians 5:9,10. 'For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ.
Who died for us, that, whether we wake or sleep, we should live together with him.'

If your Jesus inherited nothing from humanity, then he should not have died. In contrast, the true Jesus Christ dwelt amongst men in the flesh, and experienced the death of his body.

There are many scriptures that prove your theology to be in error, not least those that tell us that Jesus Christ was a mediator between God and men.

Galatians 3:20. 'Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one.'

This means that Jesus Christ had to be a man, and a man has to have the blood line of Adam.
 

101G

Well-Known Member
God is able to bring about the conception of Mary's ovum without the need to create human sperm! God is the Creator.
yes, has not 101G been saying that and also without human eggs. 101G know God can do anything, but did u not READ? Hebrews 10:5 "Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:"

this was a done DEAL hundreds of years before Mary was even born. God already prepared the body for himself to come in.

now listen, no matter how hard you try to put Mary and her eggs into the Body that was born for God to come in. you will always fail. for it is not in the scriptures. now read hebrews again above .... that thou, thou, thou, hast, which is second person singular present of have. which was spoke of the Psalmist. God, the Lord Jesus, the Ordinal First prepared that body for himself the Ordinal Last to come in. no HUMAN sperm, nor egg was used.

if u decide to continue to be in DARKNESS/INGORANCE, then that's on U.

101G.
 

Redemptionsong

Well-Known Member
yes, has not 101G been saying that and also without human eggs. 101G know God can do anything, but did u not READ? Hebrews 10:5 "Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:"

this was a done DEAL hundreds of years before Mary was even born. God already prepared the body for himself to come in.

now listen, no matter how hard you try to put Mary and her eggs into the Body that was born for God to come in. you will always fail. for it is not in the scriptures. now read hebrews again above .... that thou, thou, thou, hast, which is second person singular present of have. which was spoke of the Psalmist. God, the Lord Jesus, the Ordinal First prepared that body for himself the Ordinal Last to come in. no HUMAN sperm, nor egg was used.

if u decide to continue to be in DARKNESS/INGORANCE, then that's on U.

101G.
Of course Jesus prepared a body for his Father, because he sacrificed himself in obedience to his Father's will!

If believing that Jesus Christ is both fully human and fully God is ignorance, then l'm happy to remain ignorant! The alternative is to either believe Jesus Christ is fully God but not fully man; or, to believe that Jesus Christ is fully man but not fully God. Both are heretical positions according to orthodox Christian belief.

You clearly believe the former, and this to me is an error!

The scriptures demonstrate your error!
Galatians 3:20. 'Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one'.

If Jesus Christ is a mediator between God and men, then he mediates between two. He is fully representative of God, and fully representative of man. And, you cannot be fully representative of man if you are not a man!
 

Zwing

Active Member
no matter how hard you try to put Mary and her eggs into the Body that was born for God to come in. you will always fail. for it is not in the scriptures.
Your idea, then, is that the embryo was created by sheer fiat of God within the body of “Mary”, as were all physical things at “the beginning”?
 

101G

Well-Known Member
Of course Jesus prepared a body for his Father, because he sacrificed himself in obedience to his Father's will!
let's get it RIGHT. he, Jesus, as Father, Spirit, the Ordinal First, he prepared a body for himself to come in as the Ordinal Last in the Equal
Share of the ECHAD, as the Son.

If believing that Jesus Christ is both fully human and fully God is ignorance,
who believe that?
then l'm happy to remain ignorant!
that's your IGNORANT Choice.
The alternative is to either believe Jesus Christ is fully God but not fully man; or, to believe that Jesus Christ is fully man but not fully God. Both are heretical positions according to orthodox Christian belief.
that's their belief.
The scriptures demonstrate your error!
Galatians 3:20. 'Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one'.
yes, one ECHAD... ;) YIKES!

If Jesus Christ is a mediator between God and men, then he mediates between two. He is fully representative of God, and fully representative of man. And, you cannot be fully representative of man if you are not a man!
in the ECHAD.

101G.
 

101G

Well-Known Member
Your idea, then, is that the embryo was created by sheer fiat of God within the body of “Mary”, as were all physical things at “the beginning”?
where did the sperm and egg come from .... (if any) ... (smile) that the first man came about from? none.

101G.
 

Elihoenai

Well-Known Member
No! Sin is a knowing choice to oppose God. Sin isn’t inherited from Adam. Death came to Adam and Eve specifically due to their default. They came down from heaven to an evolved, populated and fallen earth.

Thy will not my will be done.

I’m not perfect, I’m a spiritual being having a human experience. Faith saves as taught by Jesus.
2 Thessalonians 2:9-12

9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders,

10 And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.

11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:

12 That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.




You appear to believe that you are not Opposing Elohim/God. Yeshua/Jesus, John the Baptist/Elijah, Moses, Paul the Apostle, all the Prophets and the all the Apostles Fast and yet you say Fasting is Self-Centered and Not a Religious Requirement.

It appears to be a Ridiculous Deluded False Claim that you are a Spiritual Being. What does Spiritual mean to you? Is Spiritual to you the Rejection of Fasting, having Recreational Sex and Eating anything you want? Christians in Christendom do these things and make False Deluded Claims that they have the Holy Spirit. Your teachings Reveal that you are Really a member of the Universal Roman Catholic Church.
 

Colt

Well-Known Member
2 Thessalonians 2:9-12

9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders,

10 And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.

11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:

12 That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.




You appear to believe that you are not Opposing Elohim/God. Yeshua/Jesus, John the Baptist/Elijah, Moses, Paul the Apostle, all the Prophets and the all the Apostles Fast and yet you say Fasting is Self-Centered and Not a Religious Requirement.

It appears to be a Ridiculous Deluded False Claim that you are a Spiritual Being. What does Spiritual mean to you? Is Spiritual to you the Rejection of Fasting, having Recreational Sex and Eating anything you want? Christians in Christendom do these things and make False Deluded Claims that they have the Holy Spirit. Your teachings Reveal that you are Really a member of the Universal Roman Catholic Church.
So, you are saying that some days you fast but other days you have recreational sex? Some days you are gluttonous and other days you fast?

In the Gospel of the Kingdom every day is a holy day! Every day is a day that we are ideally dedicated to seeking and doing the will of God! Jesus taught self-control and service to others, not self-denial and the proclamation of self-righteousness.

Matthew 7:21-23
21 “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22 On that day many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works in your name?’ 23 And then will I declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you workers of lawlessness.’



According to your belief in 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 as written by God, it is his will that I be deluded. So to oppose my deluded state you are opposing God.

If I am somehow a member of the RCC then at least I’m not a member of whatever you are in!
 
Last edited:

Elihoenai

Well-Known Member
So, you are saying that some days you fast but other days you have recreational sex? Some days you are gluttonous and other days you fast?

In the Gospel of the Kingdom every day is a holy day! Every day is a day that we are ideally dedicated to seeking and doing the will of God! Jesus taught self-control and service to others, not self-denial and the proclamation of self-righteousness.

Matthew 7:21-23
21 “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22 On that day many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works in your name?’ 23 And then will I declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from me, you workers of lawlessness.’



According to your belief in 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 as written by God, it is his will that I be deluded. So to oppose my deluded state you are opposing God.

If I am somehow a member of the RCC then at least I’m not a member of whatever you are in!
1 Corinthians 7:1

7 Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.



I have told members on these forums many times that I Am Ultra Extremist Celibate and Non-Violent Christian Gnostic. The Giants of the Christian Faith, Yeshua/Jesus, John the Baptist/Elijah and Paul the Apostle are Celibate. Do you believe that they are Celibate?

I'm saying that you, @cOLTER, Must be having Recreational Sex and Eating anything you want. Any person that Rubbishes Fasting as you have done is Obviously Carnal and don't know what they are talking about regarding the Spiritual. You quote Yeshua/Jesus while not believing in his Religious Practices, as the Earthly Priests and Laity of the Universal Roman Catholic Church do:


Doubt (4/10) Movie CLIP - Supper Time (2008) HD
 

Colt

Well-Known Member
1 Corinthians 7:1

7 Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.



I have told members on these forums many times that I Am Ultra Extremist Celibate and Non-Violent Christian Gnostic. The Giants of the Christian Faith, Yeshua/Jesus, John the Baptist/Elijah and Paul the Apostle are Celibate. Do you believe that they are Celibate?

I'm saying that you, @cOLTER, Must be having Recreational Sex and Eating anything you want. Any person that Rubbishes Fasting as you have done is Obviously Carnal and don't know what they are talking about regarding the Spiritual. You quote Yeshua/Jesus while not believing in his Religious Practices, as the Earthly Priests and Laity of the Universal Roman Catholic Church do:


Doubt (4/10) Movie CLIP - Supper Time (2008) HD
Paul was also a bigot and religious fanatic who hijacked the post ascension Jesus movement and impressed his own beliefs and opinions on the Christain religion. Religious fanaticism is your choice, it's one of the "isms" of many in our society.

The original Gospel of the Kingdom was a religion OF Jesus, Christianity became a religion about Jesus which grafted on many Pagan beliefs and rituals.

Where does Jesus himself say that he fasted.
 

2ndpillar

Well-Known Member
Paul was also a bigot and religious fanatic who hijacked the post ascension Jesus movement and impressed his own beliefs and opinions on the Christain religion. Religious fanaticism is your choice, it's one of the "isms" of many in our society.

The original Gospel of the Kingdom was a religion OF Jesus, Christianity became a religion about Jesus which grafted on many Pagan beliefs and rituals.

Where does Jesus himself say that he fasted.
The Commandment of God was to populate the earth, which apart from test tube babies, kind of requires some contact. (Gen 9:7) As for Paul not liking to touch women, being the father of the Progressive woke movement, I am not sure he had the same opinion about touching men. As for Yeshua and "fasting", he fasted 40 days and 40 nights with respect to normal food, and ate the food of life, the "Word" of God instead (Mt 4:2-4). As for the "Christian" religion, Paul along with his friend Peter, the "worthless shepherd" of Zechariah 11:16-17, Paul was the father of that religion, which was one of many daughters of Babylon (Rev 17:5), which worshipped idols (pagan cross) in the form of their trinity of gods in the materials of gold, silver, wood, etc., while in his Orwellian way, discarded the idea that gods/idols existed with respect to eating meat sacrificed to idols. The guy is the perfect example of a snake with forked tongue, so that he could speak out of both sides of his mouth. But on the other hand, people like what he has to say, as well as vote for Biden. There has to have been an agenda behind their mind set. Maybe they just like swine meat, or like to touch men, or like to worship the sun, or they like leaders without consistent cognitive abilities.

New King James Version Genesis 9:7
And as for you, be fruitful and multiply; Bring forth abundantly in the earth And multiply in it.”

New King James Version Matthew 4:2
And when He had fasted forty days and forty nights, afterward He was hungry.
 

Colt

Well-Known Member
The Commandment of God was to populate the earth, which apart from test tube babies, kind of requires some contact. (Gen 9:7) As for Paul not liking to touch women, being the father of the Progressive woke movement, I am not sure he had the same opinion about touching men. As for Yeshua and "fasting", he fasted 40 days and 40 nights with respect to normal food, and ate the food of life, the "Word" of God instead (Mt 4:2-4). As for the "Christian" religion, Paul along with his friend Peter, the "worthless shepherd" of Zechariah 11:16-17, Paul was the father of that religion, which was one of many daughters of Babylon (Rev 17:5), which worshipped idols (pagan cross) in the form of their trinity of gods in the materials of gold, silver, wood, etc., while in his Orwellian way, discarded the idea that gods/idols existed with respect to eating meat sacrificed to idols. The guy is the perfect example of a snake with forked tongue, so that he could speak out of both sides of his mouth. But on the other hand, people like what he has to say, as well as vote for Biden. There has to have been an agenda behind their mind set. Maybe they just like swine meat, or like to touch men, or like to worship the sun, or they like leaders without consistent cognitive abilities.

New King James Version Genesis 9:7
And as for you, be fruitful and multiply; Bring forth abundantly in the earth And multiply in it.”

New King James Version Matthew 4:2
And when He had fasted forty days and forty nights, afterward He was hungry.
Where does Jesus himself say that he fasted in the wilderness?
 

2ndpillar

Well-Known Member
Where does Jesus himself say that he fasted in the wilderness?
I think we met at Starbucks at 1st and main street when he whispered in my ear. But who can say, I might have been high on caffein, or not. If you are refuting Matthew, then you have lost your handle on the "kingdom of heaven". Not that the Matthew was not added to and subtracted from, but fasting is part of getting rid of demons (spawn of the devil) per Yeshua in Matthew 17:21.

New King James Version (Matthew 17:21)
However, this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting.”
 

Elihoenai

Well-Known Member
Paul was also a bigot and religious fanatic who hijacked the post ascension Jesus movement and impressed his own beliefs and opinions on the Christain religion. Religious fanaticism is your choice, it's one of the "isms" of many in our society.

The original Gospel of the Kingdom was a religion OF Jesus, Christianity became a religion about Jesus which grafted on many Pagan beliefs and rituals.

Where does Jesus himself say that he fasted.
Matthew 4:1-2

4 Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil.

2 And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he was afterward an hungred.

Matthew 6:16-18

16 Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.

17 But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face;

18 That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly.



To say that Paul the Apostle, Inspired Servant of Elohim/God, is a Bigot and a Religious Fanatic is Certainly True. In fact Paul the Apostle in among the Greatest Bigots and Religious Fanatics. By saying this about Paul you have given a Compliment and Few are Worthy of this Compliment. Without Bigotry and Religious Fanaticism you are not practising True Religion.

The Republic of King Jesus - Professor Alec Ryrie


Yeshua/Jesus is at the Pinnacle of Integrity to Elohim/God practising what he preaches. Yeshua/Jesus Fasted himself and taught his Disciples to Fast.
 
Top