Tying the Knot: Civil Contract or Holy Matrimony?
by Kevin Eckstrom
Religion News Service
WASHINGTON - Are 10 little words By the power vested in me by the state of ... the most crucial phrase in the culture war involving gay marriage?
They are some of the most significant powers delegated to a member of the clergy, when acting for both God and country, he or she pronounces a couple to be married as husband and wife.
But any couple who has ever filed a joint tax return will tell you it is the civil marriage license, not the minister or rabbis blessing, that entitles them to the legal benefits of marriage.
So if marriage is essentially a civil contract, shouldnt a couple be singing the Dixie Cups 1958 standard notwithstanding that theyre going to City Hall, and not the chapel, if they are gonna get married?
We dont ask the states permission to do confirmations, baptisms or funerals, so why should we ask the states blessing to do weddings? asked the Rev. Christopher Webber, vicar of Christ (Episcopal) Church in Canaan, CT.
Since 1994, when he published Re-inventing Marriage, Webber has argued for a separation of church and state when it comes to marriage. There is no good reason, he said, to confuse civil marriage with holy matrimony.
Proponents of gay marriage agree. Long ago they set aside dreams of church bells and flower-covered altars to focus instead on the legal document that conveys the rights and responsibilities of marriage.
They also point to places like Sweden, France and Japan, where newlyweds pursue both sacred and secular nupitals as a matter of routine.
Defenders of traditional marriage, meanwhile, argue that marriage will be forever harmed if either church or state is granted sole custody.
One of the strengths of marriage is that it combines the two, said Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, co-director of the National Marriage Project at Rutgers University. To have this kind of splitting off weakens our understanding of what we have held marriage to be for centuries.
A small but growing number of clergy mostly from liberal mainline Protestant churches say they feel uncomfortable granting state approval to marriages, especially if they cannot also bless gay unions.
There are many people, myself included, who feel uncomfortable acting as an agent of the state when we as pastors are asked to sign marriage licenses, said the Rev. Lois Powell, a team leader in the Justice and Witness division of the United Church of Christ.
A marriage is a legal, civil agreement between two people. The role of the church is to offer blessing to relationships.
Back in 2000, Episcopal Bishop Mary Adelia McLeod of Vermont said the church should relinquish its role in weddings unless it was given equal jurisdiction in granting divorces.
The clergy of our church should be agents of Gods blessing, said the now-retired bishop, and not agents of the state.
In San Francisco, Unitarian Universalist the Rev. Margot Campbell Gross recently signed her first marriage license in seven years to a gay couple after she joined several dozen UUA ministers in boycotting marriage licenses until gay couples can legally wed.
Just where did this church-state marriage of convenience come from? The answer, it turns out, has been after a tumultuous courtship.
Historically, churches did not get into the marriage business until the Middle Ages. But in the 16th century, Protestant reformer Martin Luther argued against marriage as a church-approved sacrament, and threw it back into the civil sphere.
Americas earliest pioneers were church-state purists. The Rev. Peter Gomes, pastor of Harvard Universitys Memorial Church, noted that the Pilgrims who arrived in 1621 didnt authorize religious marriage until 1692.
The civil law is just that, and the distinction between it and ecclesiastical law is as important as the necessary distinction between church and state, he said in a recent op-ed published in The Boston Globe.
Even though the Pilgrims imported Luthers belief in civil marriage to America, marriage has never been an either/or institution, said John Witte, director of the Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Religion at Emory University and author of From Sacrament to Contract: Marriage, Religion and Law in the Western Tradition.
Marriage is a spiritual association, a natural association, a private contract and a social estate, he said. Those four corners were considered to be four dimensions of an institution that was multilayered.
Don Browning, who headed the Religion, Culture and Family Project at the University of Chicagos Divinity School, said marriage is intimately tied to notions of sexuality, intimacy, parenthood and mutual support that neither side has fully considered.
Browning, who takes a rather dim view of gay marriage, said gay marriage could boost the importance of marriage by expanding it, or belittle it by watering it down. Its a discussion that he said, until now, has been abysmal.
Thats the underlying discussion that will feed the legal, religious, political decisions that will have to be made, he said. But so far, I dont think its happening very well.