Honestly guys, as a Buddhist, I must say that Buddhism is not atheistic. It seems I hear it all the time, but seriously, it's not. The Buddha taught the existence of the soul in his dharma. He taught the existence of the Hindu gods in his dharma. Some schools of Buddhism have tried to make Buddhism atheistic, but it isn't. The Buddha taught gods, demons, elemental spirits, heavens, hells, all in his dharma.
I was born and raised a (Khmer) Theravada Buddhist. I have lots of elders in my family who are monks and nuns. Never in my life as a Buddhist have I ever heard any elder or monk teach about a god of group of gods. I have never seen statues of Brahma or Indra in any Wats I have ever been too, nor have I ever seen any Buddhist I know perform puja to any god. I have never experienced any elder in my Sangha talk and teach about elemental spirits or demons.
If Buddhists are supposed to believe on gods, then somebody forgot to teach me about them... well actually they did
It's called Bhavachakka in Pali which means the Wheel of Becoming. The Bhavachakka is made of about 31 or 32 "planes of existences" in which Samsara (the cycle of rebirth) happens.
For most people new to Buddhism there is a misunderstanding that the cycle of rebirth means only that souls/spirits/Mind is trapped in some endless cycle of birth and death on this earth, which is incorrect. Samsara happens Bhavachakka-wide. All Beings existing in the Bhavachakka are subject to Samsara, including the Devattas ("gods").
The 31 planes of the Bhavachakka are divided into 4 sections. The first for is called "Apaya-pumi" or "Apaya-bhumi." The Apayabhumi has 4 places or levels which is translated into English as "Hells," but it should be translated as "Plane of Misery." The 4 places or levels each have there own divisions.
After that is the "Kamasugati-bhumi" which roughly means the "World of Desire and Happiness." The Kamasugatibhumi has has 7 places or "departments" or whatever. The lowest department of the Kamasugati is the Physical Universe the Earth is found in... which is where we are all at right now.
Above the Kamasugatibhumi is the "Rupavachara bhumi" which roughly means the "Plane of Form." This has 4 levels. This is where most of the Devattas are found.
Lastly in the Bhavachakka is the "Arupavachara bhumi" which means roughly "World of Formlessness." Devattas live here, and it also has 4 sections.
So altogether with all of its departments and subdivisions there are 32 realms of existence to which our physical universe is but one. And all beings in the Bhavachakka are subject to samsara according to their karmic merit at any time.
Also according to one's karmic merit and mental state you commit and have in this life determines where you will be reborn when this mortal life expires. So "rebirth" and "cycle of rebirth" doesn't mean (in Theravada Buddhism at least) that its just a circular birth and death on earth.
What you do here, your state of mind, the level of your enlightenment determines wherein the Bhavachakka you will go. And since the word "chakka" (Pali for Chakra meaning Wheel) is a wheel, samsara is hence described as a "cycle."
So in Theradava Buddhism, it is actually a fallacy to think that if I do bad things in this life that I will be reborn in a next life as a beggar or something awful because of my bad karma. I would actually be "reborn" in one of the apayabhumis. And my stay in the apayabhumis is not determined or preordained. It's not like something punished me by having me be reborn in the apayabhumis for 100 life times or something. You stay there until you yourself learn that negative thoughts, emotions, and actions has manifested such hellish misery. Whe you have intimately experienced this realization, you are free to be reborn on the earth to work your way up.
This form of "self punishment" seems unrealistic, but we must keep in mind that Bhavachakka is a whole Causal system... meaning that Karma or Causality - Cause and Fruit - is the fundamental essence or law. So that it is actually our thoughts that causally manifests as our experience.
An example of such forms of self punishment and Misery in this world is perhaps a drug addict, or compulsive gambler you see? Such people might not realize that they are doing anything wrong in the beginning. Their addiction influences their actions, and we all know that such kinds of people spiral downwards, lose money and their homes, cause their family members to worry (dukkha) and cry. So this is Mistery or "Hell." It takes a lot of psychological counciling to to Awaken such people to have them realize that their thoughts, emotions, and actions are in fact self destructive and reeks havoc in their loved once lives and their own. So this is kinda like what one learns to realize in the apayabhumis.
In the same sense, it is a fallacy to believe that if I spend my life collecting good karma that I will be reborn in the next life a movie star or billionaire. Instead, what thoughts, emotions, state of mind I have developed... will place me in a different place in the Bhavachakka depending on each realms specific "requirements." So in this context, I could be reborn in say... Yama-bhumi (abode of the Devaraja Yama) which is 2 levels beyond our mortal universe.
In the same instance, if I being in Yamabhumi, or another beings such as a devatta cultivates earthly or earthlike thoughts, emotions, and actions in what "higher" plane we are at, we will find ourselves being "reborn" back in this human realm.
So in regards to devattas (gods) in Buddhist mythos, they are NOT things to admire or worship because not only are they subject to samsara like humans, but... as many of the stories we here of gods like Indra, Vishnu, and Shiva, they don't make make good role models in Buddhism because they have human emotions, act out human acts, cause wars, kill, and commit other questionable acts which perhaps might not be the best for humans to emulate
When we (Buddhism) talk about gods and such we cannot take such gods when mentioned out of their contextual matrix, because usually when the Buddha or one of his disciples speaks of such gods and entities, it is used as a method of teaching in the form of using examples to paint a picture.
So I am sure that somewhere in the 25,000 pages of the Tipitikas there is mention of gods like Brahma, Indra, and demons like Mara and such; but you can't take such memes out side their memetic matrix... out side the books and surrounding contextual stories they were found in and say - "Ooh look Buddha mentions Brahma, he must exist, therefore it's cool to worship him."
Most often, as with the demons, such as Mara, the stories and the character of Mara are "exoteric" stories which teachings simple "esoteric" teachings. Or in other words, Mara symbolizes or represents something and is not an actual living entity. You can't interpret such symbols literally... especially if you are enlightened or on a path to enlightenment.
At least this is how I was taught. I never or almost never hear or encounter talks and discourses of gods and demons. Those times when my elders do share stories which include characters of gods and demons and such, these stories are always followed by the elder bhikkhu or bhikkuni interpreting the story for me or asking me to try to interpret the story myself; so that I gain and understanding that what gods and demons I did hear of are just characters and symbols, and not real entities.
As for the devattas in the other places in Bhavachakka, their is nothing special about them that they would warrant worship because like humans, they are working to liberate themselves from samsara. To worship them would be like following and worshiping any old other person... it does no good. Because worship of deities in Theravada Buddhism at least (as I have been taught and raised) misdirects one's Mind, one's Mindfulness, or one's Awareness from Sila, Samadhi, and Pan~n~a, vibhajjavada, and vipassana, which are essential to a Buddhist for enlightenment and liberation, and instead fixates the mind of the Ariya onto gods, which in Theravada are illusions or leads into illusions. The fixation on gods, leads the Mind deeper into the illusion of rites, and rituals... magic stuff... and all that jazz, which causes more suffering than liberation.
I know there are some theists who will be offended by me saying that belief and worship of gods is an illusion which causes or contributes to human suffering, which I don't mean to do.
But the belief in god, and Jesus, and the rites and rituals of the church such as mass, caused a great deal of death and human suffering in the dark ages of Europe. During certain periods of history in india, to certain whole populations of people, the belief in gods, their priests (Brahmans), their rites, and rituals, and the accompanying belief in caste systems caused a lot of suffering and indignation in untouchables.
Religion has its pros and cons. On the one hand most time tested religions teach humans how to be generally good people who do not go out of their way to kill or harm their fellow creature... but on the other hand, it kills unbelievers, causes believers to suffer in life.
Thus from a Theravada perspective, gods and religion... the Desire for gods and the Desire to follow gods and the Desire for such religious trappings... like any Desire leads to human suffering, and therefore the Theravadin must strive in Mind to transcend such Desires and distractions.