Don't worry, I love questions.
Sometimes. Anyway, you're probably correct about what this ex-pastor is saying - he probably means with the "public Bible" the Roman Catholic Vulgata, a Bible which was translated to Latin. I don't know the details so I can't say of course. Translations always have errors, and that one isn't an exception. Another horrible translation is the "King James Bible" ("KJV"), which some people hold in an almost divine position. Koine Greek and Hebrew/Aramaic are of course the original languages.
On to the subject:
I personally don't do daily practices anymore (to which I will have to do something when my studies begin), though I think traditionally there are at the very least the morning and evening prayers. These can be in different forms depending what kind of tradition one follows. Generally no fasting either, though some might follow traditional Christian fasts. As for God's names, well, anything you find from the Bible. Generally God is just God, our loving Father. The tetragrammaton (YHWH, "Yahweh", "Jehovah") is very much in favor by some. Jews forbid its usage, even writing it. Jehovah's Witnesses use the form "Jehovah" of it, and on the contrary emphasize that everyone should use it. Nowadays I avoid saying it out of respect, though I don't think it's really a sin to use it, just something that you have to show respect for.
There are not that many Unitarian Christians I suppose. Many remain in trinitarian churches, some are Quakers, some are in free/liberal churches, and some don't really care to make a fuss about the matter. Some are without their knowledge - these are the people who don't understand or know the trinitarian dogma and just speak of "God and Jesus". They follow Christianity's simple commandment to love one another. The Unitarian Church of Transylvania is the most significant Unitarian organization in my opinion, being the oldest one. They are very practical and don't base their faith in dogmatism. They have around 65,000-100,000 members in Transylvania and 25,000 in Hungary's Unitarian Church. In the United States, under the umbrella of Unitarian Universalism, there are around 600,000 members; of these about 15% or so identify themselves as Christians, so that would be according to that 90,000. Impossible to say on global scale, though they're spreading. We have around 20 registered Unitarian Universalists here, informal members are impossible to say. These numbers might not be accurate at all since many don't join the Unitarian Universalist organizations, and may not even be involved with them at all. There are such groupings as the Biblical Unitarians, Arian Catholics, Christadelphians, Molokans, Doukhobors, and Bible Students who are not under Unitarian Universalism, yet they are also Unitarian Christians by definition (impossible to give numbers here, but all of these together number from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands). If we also counted the Jehovah's Witnesses among them, then I would know for certain that there are millions (they keep excellent statistics - I think there are 6 million members, and 15 million who attend the yearly memorial service). Unfortunately the Jehovah's Witnesses are in my opinion very "cult-like" and I don't particularly sympathise with them.
That's it in a nutshell, feel free to ask more questions.