Terrywoodenpic
Oldest Heretic
Here are two different links from New Advent Catholic Encylopedia. One of them is about the canon of the Old Testament and the other is about the canon of the New Testament.
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Canon of the Old Testament
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Canon of the New Testament
From what I understand the canon of the Old Testament was settled from the very beginning because the canon of the Old Testament in use by the Jews at the time of Jesus is the same canon of the Old Testament that Christians used ever since the beginning. The Jews did change the canon of the Old Testament some time after the time of Christ from what I understand but I don't know why they did so.
As for the canon of the New Testament, it was highly debated on which books to include for a few centuries but then the Church finally decided which books to officially include in the canon of the New Testament at one of the Church councils. I know that the Council of Trent defined what the canon of the Bible would be but I am not sure if they did this in response to some Protestants rejecting the Deuterocanonicals or what.
The Catholic church has its own view about the canon. This differs to that held by the orthodox churches and the protestant ones. There has never been a universal canon. Nor anything called "The Church"