J. Robert Oppenheimer, of Manhattan Project fame, allegedly taught himself Sanskrit and read the Bhagavad Gita in Sanskrit. I say allegedly because, while I am no Sanskritologist, I do know enough that it doesn’t lend itself to the Rosetta Stone or the Berlitz methods of learning. Or by immersion because there are precious few native Sanskrit speakers. Prabhupada, Yogānanda, Vivekānanda, and all the other Swami -ānandas spent their lives in study of Sanskrit and scriptures.
Of all IE languages Sanskrit has the most number of synonyms, an inordinate number of synonyms in fact. Probably because it’s a synthesis of the local Prakrit languages, codified by Panini and many other grammarians. The very name Samskrta means “well formed/made“. One linguistics professor came up with 15 different ways of constructing the same sentence, using the multitude of inflections and conjugations, retaining the exact meaning.
The point, and I do have one (if I can remember it
) is that without understanding the entire context of a verse, all the Sanskrit dictionaries in the 3 worlds will not give a translation faithful to the original. A quirk of Sanskrit is that it must be
felt. It lends itself to serious misinterpretation.
Let’s return to Oppenheimer. When the first atom bomb test was done at Trinity, he said (paraphrasing, though I think this is close) “I am reminded of the Hindu Scripture the Bhagavad Gita,
Now I am become Death the destroyer of worlds”.
But that is not the verse. It is
The Blessed Lord said: Time I am, destroyer of the worlds, and I have come to engage all people. With the exception of you, all the all the soldiers here on both sides will be slain. Oppenheimer translated the verse, deliberately or not, to suit his frame of mind.
The true meaning of the verse is not one of global cataclysm, but that Arjuna should not weep and grieve for those he must kill, because he is only an agent of Krishna, who is Time. No one can escape Time. The worlds the Lord is referring to is the familial and dynastic worlds of the combatants.
This is why one has to know more than a little something of the context and backstory of the texts.