What is 'the eastern philosophical approach'?
What is the 'western philosophical approach?
From reading the forums, it varies greatly in both geological areas.
Serious question...btw, seems like many people are thinking whatever they were taught is universally taught or something.
Sure there are differences within both eastern and western philosophical approaches, but there are general differences between how a person relates to the world and to God in the west, and how these relationships are viewed in the east:
A common thread that often differentiates Eastern philosophy from Western is the relationship between the gods (or God) and the universe. Some Western schools of thought were
animistic or
pantheistic, such as the classical Greek tradition, while later religious beliefs, influenced by the
monotheism of the
Abrahamic religions, portrayed divinity as more
transcendent.
Much like the classical Greek philosophies, many Eastern schools of thought were more interested in explaining the natural world via universal patterns; without recourse to capricious agencies like gods (or God).
Syncretism allowed various schools of thought such as
Yi,
Yin yang,
Wu xing and
Ren to mutually complement one another without threatening
traditional religious practice or
new religious movements.
Eastern philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
So, the traditional western cultural view of the world or universe, is an agglomeration of inert building blocks, where "life" is provided by an animating force or spirit, that leaves a physical body upon death. The God of the western world is transcendent - separate from the creation and can make and destroy worlds at will or on a whim.
The prevailing eastern worldview has been based on a Creator who is intrinsic and cannot be separated from any aspect of creation, and the entire universe: all living creatures, rocks, water, the stars etc. are not really separate, except when we choose to detach ourselves and view the world as separate from us.
The western cultural view...which I should point out is a product of a switch in thinking from earlier hunter-gatherer and horticultural societies, began about 5 to 6000 years ago in the west; and the rise of fixed agriculture that included raising animals, carried along a change in how we view ourselves in relation to the universe and God. The rise of fixed city-states and agriculture didn't change the pantheistic worldview in the east, and a new study published recently claims that rice farming...and the higher level of cooperation needed, may be a significant part of the reason why the western values emphasizing individualism didn't supercede the community values in the east.
Psychologists have known for a long time that people in East Asia think differently, on average, than do those in the U.S. and Europe. Easterners indeed tend to be more cooperative and intuitive, while Westerners lean toward individualism and analytical thinking.
Now psychologists have evidence that our ancestors planted some of these cultural differences hundreds of years ago when they chose which grains to sow.
"We call it the rice theory," says , a graduate student at the University of Virginia who led the study. "Rice is a really special kind of farming."
The idea is simple. Growing rice tends to foster cultures that are more cooperative and interconnected, Talhelm and his colleagues Thursday in the journal Science.
Why? Because farming rice paddies requires collaboration with your neighbors, Talhelm tells The Salt. Self-reliance is dangerous.
"Families have to flood and drain their field at the same time," he says. " So there are punishments for being too individualistic. If you flood too early, you would really **** off your neighbors."
Rice paddies also require irrigation systems. "That cost falls on the village, not just one family," he says. "So villages have to figure out a way to coordinate and pay for and maintain this system. It makes people cooperate."
Wheat, on the other hand, as well as barley and corn, doesn't generally require irrigation or much collaboration. One family alone can plant, grow and harvest a field of wheat, without the help of others.
So wheat farming fosters cultures with more individualism, independence and innovation, Talhelm and his colleagues say. Self-reliance and innovation are rewarded.
Rice Theory: Why Eastern Cultures Are More Cooperative : The Salt : NPR
Who knows if the grains you choose to grow explains all of the cultural differences that still exist today between east and west, but it's easy to see how cultures that required high levels of cooperation would develop different ways of thinking about their place in the universe, than in places where less cooperation was required.