Huey09 in the OP said :
- Why would the Son pray to himself or say he doesn't know the will of the Father if he is on the same level?
- How does the three in one work without being slightly polytheistic?
- Did most early Christians movements pre-Nicea Council follow this ideology
- Can the Trinity be understood figuratively rather than literally?
Hi
Huey09;
As some of your respondents have mentioned, the historical context, meanings, and interpretive influences were different in early Christian worldviews. For example, in the Greek bible, (NA-27) John 1:18 says “…
the only begotten god who is in the bosom of the Father…” (rather than “the only begotten son..” in later English bibles).
Though the son is divine (i.e. a begotten “god”) in this sentence, it is in the historical context of a “
qualified Henotheism” (i.e. where all beings called God’s worship one God who is Lord over all) rather than a “
frank, unlimited polytheism” (i.e. where all beings called God’s are equal). Thus Jesus is subservient to God the Father in this model.
For example, the great Egyptologist Budge observed that Egypt, who had many beings we translate as “gods”, was always essentially monotheistic since there was one Lord God who was Lord over all other beings called "gods" in modern translations. All of them served and honored and obeyed the Lord God over all other Gods, regardless of whether they were called “gods” or not.
Such terms carried different meanings in a different historical context in such early time periods. For example, Christians referred to Jesus as “
the son of God”. However the term “
son of God” (υιος του θεου) also referred to Roman Emperors. This changes the context of historical usage somewhat.
In multiple examples from early Koine Papyri we can see how this term was used in reference to emperors. For examples, in BGU II. 543.3 (of 27 B.C) the term refers to Augustus “
καισαρος Αυτοκρατορα θεου υιου…”. Ιn P Tebt ΙΙ. 382.21 (of b.c. – 30 a.d.) P Grenf II. 40.4 (9 a.d.) refers to “…
the thirty ninth year of the dominion of Caesar son of god..” (...Καισαρος κρατησεως θεου υιου...). and IMAe iii. 174 (of 5 a.d.) also refers to Caesar as a
son of God (“…
Καισαρ θεου υιος Σεβαστος...”). Since this last reference comes from Caesar himself, one assumes the Christians were making an important distinction between Caesar who claimed to be “
A son of God” and Jesus who was “
THE son of God”. It is the same distinction between "a God" and "The God".
Thus, if Jesus is called "a God" in John 1:18 where he is referred to as an “only begotten God” (the article lacks in this greek phrase), it was in reference to a specific religious context.
Bruce Metzger renders this phrase in John 1:18, as “
the unique God”. This is an interesting distinction since the Jewish Talmud makes this same distinction in explaining the fall of Man. After the man gains knowledge from eating of the tree of wisdom/knowledge, the talmud explains the text “...
The man has become like the unique one among us” (Genesis 3:22) . Part of the point in making this specific observation regarding interpretation, is that we are all affected by the bits and pieces of knowledge (and ignorance) we have, even in translation. The ancients had a different historical context than we do, and their interpretation of these concepts was different.
For example, the dead sea scrolls (e.g. 4Q, thanksgiving scrolls) are a wonderful example of the frequent use of the phrase “God-like” as it applies to individuals who reside in heaven with the Lord God. One Dead Sea Specialist, trying to create a consistent rule for using the term “God”, has suggested that the term "god" (or God-like) simply applies to any being who lives in heaven. However, the problem with using this rule is that modern, non-historian religionists might not be able to distinguish between “A god” and “THE God”, (just as “a son of God” did not distinguish between “THE son of God”). If one uses the ancient historical model of Henotheism, then this specific contextual difficulty, doesn't come up at all..
Having offered this specific historical contextual point, I personally wish the later theologians and creators of creeds had simply left the early model of The Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost as individuals, rather than forwarding the confusing models that came to be adopted in later Christian movements. Like you, I find the various competing models quite confusing and do not blame agnostics and other investigators of Christianity for their inability to tell what Christianity believes.
Good luck in coming up with your own models as to what you are to believe
Huey09.
Clear
τςακειω