Without getting into whether your reasoning here is sound, which four mutations do you think are codependent and useless without the other three? Please be specific.
Peer reviewed scientific literature will be necessary.
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Without getting into whether your reasoning here is sound, which four mutations do you think are codependent and useless without the other three? Please be specific.
And the fact that refutes that argument is that Behe has been unable to demonstrate a need for "codependent mutations". That is an unjustified assumption on his part.There are plenty of falsifiable hypothesis surrounding ID, for example Behe (or maybe someone else) concluded that it is improbable but possible to have 2 codependent mutations, 3 codependent mutations almost impossible, perhaps only unicellular organisms can get that lucky, 4 codependent mutations statistically impossible even considering that the earth is billions of years old.
So the argument would be
1 evolution can’t produce more than 4 codependent mutations
2 some systems require more than 4 codependent mutations
Therefore evolution is wrong, (evolution can’t account for the origin the systems)
Some definitions:
Codependent mutation: 2 or more mutations are codependent if each of them is useless by themselves and can only serve a function they all work together.
Evolution: the claim that complex systems where caused by random mutations and natural selection.
I don’t claim that I can prove the argument, but the argument is certainly testable and falsifiable, each of the premises could be tested when our knowledge on DNA improves.
Some details.
Pretend that an organism requires mutations A, B, C and D in order to go from a blind creature in to a creature that can react to light, which would be selectively positive.
If each independent mutation is not beneficial by itself, chances say that genetic drift will eventually filter out this mutation.
The argument would be that even though it possible to have a “neutral mutation A” and then “Neutral mutation B” if the Combination of A and B is still neutral, it would be almost impossible to get C and D,
And another argument based upon a strawman. Your argument ignores the existence of natural selection. When virtual monkeys typed out randomly under a virtual selection the writing of the works of Shakespeare were shown to be possible.I would think a simple gedanken could be helpful here:
If irreducible complexity has been debunked, yes, it is possible for monkeys to type Shakespeare, but statistically unlikely.
Which is more complex, by an order of millions or billions (or trillions) of complexity? A monkey typing Hamlet or DNA, millions of base pairs, fitting to one another in less than a micron, yet touching/overlapping/folding in 3D space, with proteins telling proteins to activate proteins to make proteins?
At what point is complexity irreducible, do you think?
I would think a simple gedanken could be helpful here:
If irreducible complexity has been debunked, yes, it is possible for monkeys to type Shakespeare, but statistically unlikely.
Which is more complex, by an order of millions or billions (or trillions) of complexity? A monkey typing Hamlet or DNA, millions of base pairs, fitting to one another in less than a micron, yet touching/overlapping/folding in 3D space, with proteins telling proteins to activate proteins to make proteins?
At what point is complexity irreducible, do you think?
Who believes in nothing??Don't you dare try to put me in a corner. Better men than you have tried. It is my opinion and I am entitled to it, and that is all I need full stop !
You folk who believe in nothing are welcome to your views.
Well the thing is that each of the premises is falsifiable; the next step would be to find out whether if these premises are proven wrong or correct.None of the above represents a falsified hypothesis in support of Intelligent Design. No research papers have been cited here that would demonstrate a falsifiable hypothesis. Asserting things claimed that Laws of Nature cannot do is arguing the negative, or arguing from ignorance,,and not documented as supported by evidence.
You need to support these assertions with published scientific references that support a hypothesis that may be falsified 'positively' that what you cited cannot occur naturally,
Sure, this assumption has to be proven, but it is an assumption that might be proven wrong or true,And the fact that refutes that argument is that Behe has been unable to demonstrate a need for "codependent mutations". That is an unjustified assumption on his part.
The pantheist view that 'the natural forces as the representation of god which is everything. In this way the progression of life on the earth is a creative force heading towards more complexity.'; would a different view that is similar to atheist views if not actually atheist.
The belief in Theism and Panentheism that there is a God and God Created or in some way originated our physical existence would not be Intelligent Design as proposed by the Discovery Institute. As in the Baha'i Faith, yes God Created our physical existence, but essentially God Created based on the Laws of Nature and natural processes, What we see as the complexity of nature is indeed simply the product of the Laws of Nature This view is in harmony with science, and the Methodological Naturalism is independent of any religious beliefs or claims.
Intelligent Design is very different. It proposes that the necessity of there exists an Intelligent Designer can be demonstrated by scientific methods, and misuses statistics and probability to support this. This is a manipulative and egregious misuse of science and math.
OUCH!
How about we folk who believe you're wrong, are we welcome to our views?
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For someone who seems to relish dishing out barbs you certainly have a thin skin. But enough with the personal comments. Let's stick to the issues.So, I can expect more of your vapid abuse then. You could make an attempt at a bit of courtesy.
So far, nothing in the universe is found to prove scientifically that there is a God, or to prove that there needs to be a God to have created any thing in this universe.Some Christian scientists assert that scientific methods can demonstrate Intelligent Design, Irreducible Complexity, and Specified Complexity to show that an intelligent 'Source' such as God is necessary for the existence of the Universe, and the beginning and evolution of life. The Discovery Institute has spent millions devoted to their efforts mostly donated by churches such as the Seventh Day Adventists, to do research on this hypothesis.
The reality is there has not been any objective verified evidence presented to falsify hypothesis to support Intelligent. What many have done is misuse and abuse statistics and probability to justify Intelligent Design.
Some members of this forum have proposed that Intelligent Design is science. I am waiting for the proposal of a hypothesis that may be falsified by scientific methods to demonstrate this.
The problem for his whole idea is that it appears that life can and does evolve without "codependent mutations". That also makes his argument pointless. As has been shown with every example that he used as examples of "irreducible complexity".Sure, this assumption has to be proven, but it is an assumption that might be proven wrong or true,
If anyone is interested, they can CLICK HERE to read a debunking of Behe's "three mutations" argument.
And let's not forget, ID creationism is effectively dead.
I would like to see your evidence, how do you know that the flagellum can evolve on a step by step basis (one mutation at the time) where each mutation is betefitial.The problem for his whole idea is that it appears that life can and does evolve without "codependent mutations". That also makes his argument pointless. As has been shown with every example that he used as examples of "irreducible complexity".
There is variation on pantheism like all religions with some beliefs by pantheists which are closer to Religious naturalism and others with a more theistic view. Baruch Spinoza did not see god as a spirit which pervades all things but that all things are in god and are modifications of god. . Bernard Loomer described the entire interconnected we of existence as god. Samuel Alexander considered god as the universe insofar as it was evolving toward a new and higher level which he described as the deity Henry Wieman described that god is the integrative process within the world. Paul Harrison wrote "pantheism hold that the universe as a whole is divine and there is not divinity other than the universe and nature." The world pantheist movement Credo "We revere and celebrate the universe as the totality of being... It is self organizing, ever-evolving, and exhaustibly divers. Its overwhelming power, beauty, and fundamental mystery compel the deepest human reverence and wonder." "We are an inseparable part of nature, which we should cherish, revere and preserve in all its magnificent beauty and diversity" . Thus with pantheism there is a variation in beliefs but the concept of god or the divine is within the natural world and not outside. This can include the natural forces that shape the universe and include all of the principles of the theory of evolution is compatible. So there is some with a sense of an intelligent god within the universe to a divine universe as without a clear center of intelligence. .
I would like to see your evidence, how do you know that the flagellum can evolve on a step by step basis (one mutation at the time) where each mutation is betefitial.
So far, nothing in the universe is found to prove scientifically that there is a God, or to prove that there needs to be a God to have created any thing in this universe.
Then I gotta ask....why start the thread? ID creationism is of no consequence whatsoever, so what's the point?We still have a lot of 'Walking Dead' Zombies wandering around.
Well the thing is that each of the premises is falsifiable; the next step would be to find out whether if these premises are proven wrong or correct.