Man, there are some really smart people in here. What an great thread.
I have a question though about your above remarks; "he's so close to the universe he must surely permeate it utterly or actually be the universe."
The latter seems somewhat confining to me so it's hard for me to grasp that god is the universe unless you imply that god is also created. If he is the creator if the universe, it seems like this statement would be like saying that I am this sweater that I made or that the sweater is me. I don't understand how something created can also be a part of the creator. Isn't that like intentionally growing a sixth finger?
As to "permeating it utterly" are you saying that the universe is merely a part of god in the same way that neurons are part of a person? Again, I am struggling with this idea of a creator and the thing that it creates being a part of the creator itself. Surely the act of creating occurs outside of the creator. And if the universe is god, who created god?
Some very good questions, I'll do my best to answer them.
This image of God is somewhat confining simply because it's my own personal view of what "God" would be and to this extent it will naturally not include certain other images of god. Like many atheists I have trouble accepting the notion of an anthropomorphic, sentient god without proof of it's existence and so I take the basic principles used to describe a "supreme" being and looked for something that they can be applied to
and proved to exist... hence my notion that "god" is an apt description of the universe as a whole.
As for the creation of the universe and therefore the creation of God, I tend to agree with the big bang theory as it seems to be one of the more sensible theories. Now I don't know if this means that God (as I describe it) existed prior to the big bang as the space that the "big bang ball" expanded into or whether the big bang literally started space and time, thus causing god to have essentially created himself via the natural process of existence as we know it "starting".
I consider this God to be a creator in the sense that all life begins within the universe and thus begins within god. I reject the notion that a separate entity called god created the universe as we know it as this notion would suggest that god and the universe are not one and the same, thereby negating a pantheistic view.
The panentheistic view that God permeates everything without literally being everything is one that I posed hypothetically, it tends to describe God as being a "life force" or natural energy. This isn't saying that the universe is part of God, more that God is a part of the universe. The idea of atoms composing a human is more pantheistic when used to describe God, this argument would usually suggest that everything within the universe "forms" god in the same way that cells and atoms form an animal.
It's a difficult concept to grasp at first and the creation of the universe is something that I can only theorise (I'm inclined to accept scientific theories for this). Some of the key points to remember are that if God literally is the universe then he's also literally everything that happens within it, space, time, everything and so it's entirely possible that God is eternal if the universe itself has always existed and always will exist. If the universe is finite however, then God too would be finite.