How do you describe the relation between them?
During the 16th century, Western nations such as the English, Portuguese and the Dutch worked hard to build a foothold in India and Asia and to open commercial traffic to Europe. the powerful Islamic forces of the time, the Muslims in India, the Ottomans, and the Persians could not stop what the European powers have established. a century later the Ottomans and their enemies in central Europe began shaking the status quo which followed the bloody campaigns before this period, Vienna was under a Turkish siege which failed in the later part of the 17th century, the Turks who knew military successes before this renewal of hostilities were beginning to feel the change in the balance of power. the new scenario between Europeans and the Ottomans stimulated an arms race in which the Ottomans had to adapt to the Western capabilities, as usual war was the factor which inspired contact which began in military technology and spread to other elements. while the Turks adopted Western technologies, this brought an exposure to European society, in which the Ottomans and the people in the Middle East entered a long period of taking in and rejecting various Western elements, the Islamic world used the Western elements that were found useful and rejected other elements, the sensitive process which can be seen today is the interplay between trying to somewhat keep up with the West and with the modern phenomena in the west while rejecting the Western way of life.
The European upper hand over the seas and commercial enterprises together with the West's modern and military advantages changed international economy, economic centers which were under the influence of the Islamic powers were now in the hands of European powers.
The contact between the West and the Islamic powers stimulated changes in Turkish and Middle Eastern society, Turkey of the early 20th century under Ataturk saw great reforms which were inspired by European achievements.
Like today, Western powers fulfilled the military demands and needs of the Turks and Islamic powers which were thirsty for Western technology and edge. the military factor expanded to many other elements which the Islamic world adopted from the West. what began with naval power and military technology, moved to education, and moderizing various aspects of Islamic areas inspired by the West.
Islamic elements began to adapt and incorporate Western political systems.
A very complex interplay between the West, modernity and adaptation has taken place over the last centuries, the sensitive process of adopting Western modern elements but rejecting Western culture. other elements in the Islamic world see a necessity to not shy away from being inspired by Western successes and claim that if the Muslim world is to keep up it needs to be opened to Western ideas, this was mainly expressed in Turkey in the first part of the 20th century in the modernization of the country and the establishment of the Republic. this example is perhaps understood when placed infront of the Iranian regime which thrives on demonization of the West.
Islamic nations like Iran reject the culture of the West on many levels and propagate Western influence as a force of corruption.
another factor that many of us debate on the forum from the context of this very thread is science, we can see the differences in scientific approach, while modern science began in the last centuries in the West, it is now internationally accepted, and is a norm around the world, however the Islamic world is still not accepting the scientific norms that are now widespread around the world.
I've only touched several aspects in this post, but as the thread goes we can expand it teremndously.
What common ground should we look and work for?
Economic contacts. in order to empower a social layer in the Islamic world that can maintain relations with the West. Western nations need to establish healthy economic relations with a rising middle class in Islamic countries, a class which will have the desire to maintain relations with the West and which will push out extremism which thrives in poverty.