This thread has a massive problem with definition and strawmen. Some are using a precise, biological definition, others are using various colloquial, culturally based understandings of the term. We've been talking past each other for 145 posts.
Agreed. Absent clearly articulated intensional definitions for terms, most discussions have no hope of being productive or progressing beyond their starting point.
An intensional definition provides "a set of properties such that the term applies to all things having that set of properties, and to nothing else." It is the kind of definition that allows one to say whether a given example meets the criteria or not, such as "belief - anything one considers true" or "belief - anything one considers true without evidence" as in, "Isn't a fact, just a belief." Whichever of these definition one uses, it is not difficult to decide if a given idea meets that individual's definition of a belief. If two people using different definitions don't identify this difference, their discussion will be fruitless, spinning wheels.
There's animal, vegetable and mineral (plus virus and bacterias) - which are you?
Here's a new definition of animal - that which is not mineral or plant. By this definition, coronavirus is an animal unless one want to call it a plant or a mineral.
I suspect that early man was just as intelligent and sophisticated as we are.
Probably. But this is in conflict with the Baha'i doctrine that every so often, a new messenger needs to come along to speak to the people of that age, as if they could not understand today's messages then.
So I guess that would mean that most social norms like rape being immoral are questionable.
This was written in response to, "
Popularity is NOT an indicator of truth." Rational ethicists don't receive their morals this way. If your morals are those that others advocate, then you're not doing it right. In my case, I have a moral imperative (utilitarianism, the Golden Rule) that is not the result of reason, but an unshakeable intuition of what is good and right. The application of reason to that intuition generates rules to effect that vision.
If I believe that the most people should have the most resources to pursue happiness, and I do, I automatically support public education and tolerance of the tolerant, for example. I might also have supported alcohol prohibition once in the pursuit of that vision, but I would have learned with the rest of the world that the law had a paradoxical effect that led to less happiness, and would have repealed prohibition also in the pursuit of the utilitarian vision for society. That's the rational part of rational ethics - not the ethical intuition, but how to implement it.
Rape is a no-brainer to a utilitarian. But the argument it is based in a moral intuition that cannot be derived or defended rationally. None can. I can only say what feels right and wrong to me, and why rape is antithetical to that for me. And that wouldn't change even if the majority disagreed and were raping. It's not an opinion derived popular opinion.
We have mapped more of the earth and become more dependent on stuff. It's not a good trade-off.
I think it is. If I didn't, I might be one of those people who lives off the land without technology.
I find that the ideas that characterize modernity, while they do issue in problems of their own, are overshadowed by the fact that these ideas have made life longer, healthier, safer, easier, more comfortable, and more interesting. We can communicate with the modern world instantly. We can visit most of it if we have the time and money. Yes, it is now possible to die in a plane (or car) wreck, but that's a fair trade-off to access to such mobility.