gnostic
The Lost One
God didn't write anything. Man did.No? So the word of God is not evidence? How about a layer deep down where there is a lot of stuff that is known to come from space and deep under the earth (where flood waters came from)?
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers - what Christians called the Pentateuch, but Jews called Torah - were said to be written by Moses during the late Bronze Age (1600 - 1000 BCE), however there are no evidences that the Israelites had any writings around this time, and certainly nothing written in ancient Hebrew.
However, the Pentateuch/Torah are only attributed to Moses, but he is not the actual author.
The earliest Hebrew writings were found in Israel, written in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, during the 10th century BCE (Iron Age):
- Zayit Stone, limestone boulder found at Tel Zayit, in 2008
- Gezer Calendar, stone tablet
The oldest surviving fragments containing passages of the Torah, is the "silver scroll" found at burial cave of Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Old City). The fragments are dated to early 6th century BCE, containing passage of Numbers 6, known as the Priestly Blessing (6:23-27).
There are nothing older than this badly damaged scroll.
You don't have a complete Old Testament until the Greek translation - Septuagint bible, which it is quite apparent more popular among the NT authors, especially the person who wrote the gospel that was attributed to Matthew, but the author is actually unknown. And the only copies of the Septuagint survived, are Septuagint codices of the 4th and 5th centuries CE (cod. Siniaticus, cod. Alexandrinus and cod. Vaticanus). The original Septuagint (3rd to 2nd centuries BCE) is lost.
The only other surviving texts of Torah in Hebrew, come from the Dead Sea Scrolls of the Qumran caves, dated between 200 BCE and 200 CE.
After the Romans destroyed Herod's temple, in 70 CE, the rabbis were concerned that all the scriptures, so they began a new effort to write the scriptures in Hebrew, including transmitting the Oral Torah into writings (eg Talmud, Mishnah, Gemara, Midrash, etc). The earliest Masoretic Text of the 2nd century CE is lost, but many copies were made during the 7th century to 10th century, but the only Masoretic Text to survive largely intact, are the Aleppo Codex (10th century) and the Leningrad Codex (1008).
Much of the English translations of the Old Testament (KJV, NIV, NASB, NRSV, etc) come from these Masoretic codices.