If you look into Islamic history, Abu Bakr radiallahu anhu and the rest of the Sahaba radiallau anhum waged war on a number of different kinds of apostates.
One such group was those who accepted everything that Islam taught except refused to pay Zakah. For having rejected one of the pillars of Islam, they were declared apostates and were given the option to repent and turn back to Islam. They refused, so the Mujahideen killed them (in war) for their apostasy.
As for the hadith, I already explained. The whole of Qur'an wasn't revealed to the Prophet on his first day in Madinah. The revelation continued till his last moments. There are a number of hadith which say to kill the apostates whose origins are from the Madinah period.
As Muslims we must view things through a logical and reasonable eye. Hadith of both natures exist in the Sahih collections for example:
Narrated Abu Burda: That the Prophet sent his (i.e. Abu Burda's) grandfather, Abu Musa and Mu'adh to Yemen and said to both of them "Facilitate things for the people (Be kind and lenient) and do not make things difficult (for people), and give them good tidings, and do not repulse them and both of you should obey each other." Abu Musa said, "O Allah's Prophet! In our land there is an alcoholic drink (prepared) from barley called Al-Mizr, and another (prepared) from honey, called Al-Bit"' The Prophet said, "All intoxicants are prohibited." Then both of them proceeded and Mu'adh asked Abu Musa, "How do you recite the Quran?" Abu Musa replied, "I recite it while I am standing, sitting or riding my riding animals, at intervals and piecemeal." Muadh said, "But I sleep and then get up. I sleep and hope for Allah's Reward for my sleep as I seek His Reward for my night prayer." Then he (i.e. Muadh) pitched a tent and they started visiting each other. Once Muadh paid a visit to Abu Musa and saw a chained man. Muadh asked, "What is this?" Abu Musa said, "(He was) a Jew who embraced Islam and has now turned apostate." Muadh said, "I will surely chop off his neck!" (Book #59, Hadith #632)
Narrated 'Abdullah: Allah's Apostle said, "The blood of a Muslim who confesses that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am His Apostle, cannot be shed except in three cases: In Qisas for murder, a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse and the one who reverts from Islam (apostate) and leaves the Muslims." (Book #83, Hadith #17)
The hadith of the beduin is also from Bukhari as stated by Dr Badawi.
So it is logical and reasonable to say that the hadith which lets the apostate go free occurred before the other two I have posted above and before any punishment for apostasy had been ordered by Allah.
It is the same as the two different hadith which speak about the length of the Prophets hair. One hadith says his hair was short and another says his hair just reached his shoulders (meaning it was long). We can't say that only one of these hadith is correct and the other false. Instead the first one mentions the length of the hair when the Prophet would have them cut and the other mentions the length of the hair after they had grown. Both hadith are correct, the only difference is the time of reporting.
This is not something that I am coming up with out of nowhere. There is evidence for this, but those who refuse to accept it will always find a way to support their views even if it means incorrectly interpreting the verses of the Qur'an. I find that very funny actually coming from Ahmadis.
Asalaam alaykoem,
It has been suggested that "The Qur'an states that God (in Arabic, Allah) despises apostasy, with severe punishment to be imposed in the hereafter, but not mentioning explicitly any earthly penalty for apostates. Except for 16:106–109, the verses that discuss apostasy all appear in surahs identified as Madinan, that is, they belong to the period when the Islamic state had been established." However, mainstream translations, such as those by Pickthall, Asad, Malik, Yusuf Ali and even Maududi, a 'liberal' translator contradict this.
Qur'an Surah 4. An-Nisaa, Ayah 89 or Qur'an 4:89
states that "They but wish that ye should reject Faith, as they do, and thus be on the same footing: But take not friends from their ranks until they flee in the way of Allah (From what is forbidden). But if they (Apostate) turn renegades, seize them and slay them wherever ye find them".
This command to kill or slay is in all mainstream translations. Furthermore it is Qur'an 4:89 that is often quoted in Sharia courts as justification for the execution of an Apostate. However, the following verse
Qur'an 4:90 expands on this to
"Except those who join a group between whom and you there is a treaty (of peace), or those who approach you with hearts restraining them from fighting you as well as fighting their own people. If Allah had pleased, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you: Therefore if they withdraw from you but fight you not, and (instead) send you (Guarantees of) peace, then Allah Hath opened no way for you (to war against them)."
In addition, the previous verse states that this verse refers to the hypocrites, "...What aileth you regarding the hypocrites..." Quran 4: 88. This implies killing an apostate is disallowed if the apostate does not fight against Muslims.
Within the Sahih al-Bukhari collection, worldly punishments are described in the following Hadith:
"2171.
Narrated 'Abdullah: The Prophet said, "The blood of a Muslim, who confesses that Lâ ilâha ill-Allâh (there is no god but Allâh), cannot be shed except in three cases: 1. Life for life (in cases of intentional murders without right i.e., in Al-Qisas – Law of Equality in punishment); 2. A married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse; and 3. The one who turns renegade from Islâm (apostate) and leaves the group of Muslims. [9:17-O.B]"
The Sahih Muslim collection, reiterates and confirms that which is in the Sahih al-Bukhari collection:
"(4152)
'Abdullah (b. Mas'ūd) reported Allah's Messenger as saying: It is not permissible to take the life of a Muslim who bears testimony (to the fact) that there is no god but Allah, and I am the Messenger of Allah, but in one of the three cases: the married adulterer, a life for a life, and the deserter of his Din (Islam), abandoning the community."
Both of these hadiths contain "and leaves the group of Muslims", or "abandoning the community" after apostasy, indicating that not mere change of religion constitutes but it combined with treason, rebellion, or harming the Muslim community.
Traditional scholars have strongly discouraged the practice of directly questioning a person's current beliefs, thereby avoiding false and unjust accusations of apostasy derived from direct questioning. In the Shafi'i school, it is an act of apostasy for a sane adult Muslim to accuse or describe another as an unbeliever (unless it established beyond any doubt)
Thee Hanafi jurist Sarakhsi, Maliki jurist Ibn al-Walid al-Baji and Hanbali jurist Ibn Taymiyyah, held that apostasy carries no legal punishment. Ibrahim al-Nakha'i and Sufyan al-Thawri and their followers, who rejected the death penalty and prescribed indefinite imprisonment until repentance. The hanafi jurist Sarakhsi also called for different punishments between the non-seditious religious apostasy and that of seditious and political nature, or high treason. Abu Hanifa and his followers refused the death penalty for female apostates, supporting imprisonment until they re-embrace Islam. Hanafi scholars maintain that a female apostate should not be killed because it was forbidden to kill women by the prophet Muhammad(saws), and because women are unlikely to take up arms and endanger the community. Several modern scholars oppose any penalty for apostasy, including Gamal Al-Banna, Taha Jabir Alalwani, Ahmad Kutty of the Islamic Institute of Toronto and Shabir Ally. Others believe that the death penalty can only be applied when apostasy is coupled with attempts to "harm" the Muslim community, rejecting the death penalty in other cases. These include, Ahmad Shafaat, Jamal Badawi(as you stated), Yusuf Estes, Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, and Maliki jurist Abu al-Walid al-Baji.
Medieval Muslim scholars (e.g. Sufyan al-Thawri) and modern (e.g. Hasan at-Turabi), also have argued that the hadith used to justify execution of apostates should be taken to apply only to political betrayal of the Muslim community, rather than to apostasy in general. These scholars argue for the freedom to convert to and from Islam without legal penalty. Other prominent Islamic scholars like the Grand Mufti of Cairo Ali Gomaa (
He is one of the internationally most respected Islamic jurists He specializes in the foundations of Islamic Law, viz. Usul al-fiqh. He follows the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence.) has stated that while God will punish apostates in the afterlife they should not be executed by human beings.
According the The New Encyclopedia of Islam death for apostasy was "not in practice enforced" in later times in the Muslim world, and was "completely abolished" by "a decree of the Ottoman government in 1260AH/1844AD.
Could give you me the dates of the Bedouin Hadith and the two you mentioned, moreover can you give me a specific hadith were the prophet Muammed(saws) himself made the statement? Please don't get the idea that i am saying your wrong on the manner i am just saying there are two sides on this subject.