Jesus may have established a church but He never put the name Catholic on it.
Actually, Jesus inferred universality of His Church.
CATHOLIC comes from the Greek word Katholikos, which was later Latinized into Catholicus. It is NOT the name of a denomination but a divine quality, characteristic or attribute. There are four (one, holy, catholic (universal) and apostolic. I will focus on "catholic".
CATHOLIC means 'Universal', which in itself means, 'of or relating to, or affecting the entire world and ALL peoples therein'. It means, ALL encompassing, comprehensibly broad, general, and containing ALL that is necessary. In summation, it means ALL people in ALL places, having ALL that is necessary, and for ALL time.
Matthew 28:19-20, "Go, therefore and make disciples of ALL nations...teaching them to observe ALL that I have commanded you; And behold, I am with you ALL days, even unto the consummation of the world."
That is a statement of Universality, Katholicos, Catholicus,
Catholic.
Rom. 1:8 KJV
First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world.
spoken or proclaimed: (KATanggeletai)
in the whole universe: (en HOLO to kosmo)”
Katholo - katholicos - Catholicus -
Catholic
Thus the word KATAHOLOS or Catholic in English originated from Scriptures.
Acts 9:31
"So the church throughout all Judea and Galilee and Sama'ria had peace and was built up; and walking in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit it was multiplied."
There the words "church throughout all" is translated from the Greek words "Ecclesia kata holis" -
Catholic.
The first known written use of the term after scriptures is in St. Ignatius of Antioch's letter to the Smyrneans, paragraph 8, of 106 A.D.
"Where the Bishop appears, there let the people be, just as where Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church."
It is reasonable to conclude the verbal use of the term existed before 106 A.D., because St. Ignatius did not invent a divine characteristic. BTW, St. Ignatius was trained by St. John the Apostle, ordained by St. Peter, and was the third bishop of Jerusalem, so it's safe to say he was a Christian.
After Ignatius, the term Catholic Church became used more and more to designate the true church. For example the Martyrdom of Polycarp of 155AD states:
"And of the elect, he was one indeed, the wonderful martyr Polycarp, who in our days was an apostolic and prophetic teacher, bishop of the Catholic Church in Smyrna. For every word which came forth from his mouth was fulfilled and will be fulfilled" (Martyrdom of Polycarp 16:2 [A.D. 155]).
William Jergens, a non-Catholic Patristic scholar, identifies the usage of "Catholic" in his book, "The Faith of the Early Fathers":
Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis 202AD;
Cyprian, Unity of the Catholic Church 251AD;
Cyprian, Letter to Florentius, 254AD
Constantine was born in 272 AD, 166 years after Ignatius penned the term "Catholic". The claim that he founded the Catholic Church is made by idiots. Not only can't they do simple math, they have to ignore the distinctively Catholic doctrines in existence since the Apostles.
Actually many Catholic teachings are exact opposite of what Jesus and the Bible say.
I like Bishop Sheen's quote, paraphrased by Scott Hahn, former anti-Catholic- Bible-college teacher: it answers your baseless assertion:
"... there are not 100 people in the United States who hate the Catholic Church, although there might be millions of people who hate what they mistakenly believe the Catholic Church to be and to teach." And thankfully I discovered I fell into the second category. Because for years I opposed the Catholic Church, and I worked hard to get Catholics to leave the Church. But I came to see through a lot of study and considerable prayer that the Roman Catholic Church is based in Scripture.
Newman Apologetics Resource