Easily said. But actually, no, you haven't explained why 9:30 is there, it really doesn't make sense and is incorrect. You've given it a try, but actually it is incorrect that 'Jews believe Ezra is Son of Allah' because even if, bizarrely, the Jews of Medina did believe this, that isn't what is said in the Qur'an. It says 'the Jews' not 'the Jews of Medina'.
23:14 and 16:15 remain entirely unexplained.
I just quote from Wikipedia on the issue of " Ezra or Uzair being 'Son of God' " :
” The
Book of Ezra, which Judaism accepts as a chronicle of the life of Ezra and which predates
Muhammad and the Qur’an by around 1000 years, gives Ezra’s human lineage as being the son of Seraiah and a direct descendant of
Aaron. Tractate
Ta’anit of the
Jerusalem Talmud, which predates Muhammad by two to three hundred years, states that “if a man claims to be God, he is a liar.”
[17] Exodus Rabba 29 says, “‘I am the first and I am the last, and beside Me there is no God’ I am the first, I have no father; I am the last, I have no brother. Beside Me there is no God; I have no son.”
[18] However the term ‘sons of gods’ occurs in
Genesis.
[19] The Encyclopedia of Judaism clarifies that the title of ‘son of God’ is attributed a person whose piety has placed him in a very near relationship to God and “by no means carries the idea of physical descent from, and essential unity with, God”.
[20]
The title of son of God (servant of God) is used by the Jews for any pious person as is evident according to Encyclopedia of Judaism which states that the title of son of God is attributed by the Jews “to any one whose piety has placed him in a filial relation to God (see Wisdom ii. 13, 16, 18; v. 5, where “the sons of God” are identical with “the saints”; comp. Ecclus. [Sirach] iv. 10). It is through such personal relations that the individual becomes conscious of God’s fatherhood.”
[20] Jews consider Ezra among the pious.” unquote
Uzair - Wikipedia
”In
A History of the Jews of Arabia: From Ancient Times to Their Eclipse under Islam,
[24] scholar Gordon Darnell Newby notes the following on the topic of Uzair, the angel
Metatron and the
Bene Elohim (lit. “Sons of God”):
…we can deduce that the inhabitants of
Hijaz during
Muhammad‘s time knew portions, at least, of 3 Enoch in association with the Jews. The angels over which Metatron becomes chief are identified in the Enoch traditions as the sons of God, the Bene Elohim, the Watchers, the fallen ones as the causer of the flood. In 1 Enoch, and 4 Ezra, the term Son of God can be applied to the Messiah, but most often it is applied to the righteous men, of whom Jewish tradition holds there to be no more righteous than the ones God elected to translate to heaven alive. It is easy, then, to imagine that among the Jews of the Hijaz who were apparently involved in mystical speculations associated with the
merkabah, Ezra, because of the traditions of his translation, because of his piety, and particularly because he was equated with Enoch as the Scribe of God, could be termed one of the Bene Elohim. And, of course, he would fit the description of religious leader (one of the
ahbar of the Qur’an 9:31) whom the Jews had exalted.
[8]
According to Reuven Firestone, there is evidence of groups of Jews venerating Ezra to an extent greater than mainstream Judaism, which fits with the interpretation that the verse merely speaks of a small group of Jews. The book
2 Esdras, a non-canonical book attributed to Babylonian captivity, associates a near-divine or angelic status to Ezra.
[25] Mark Lidzbarski and
Michael Lodahl have also hypothesized existence of an Arabian Jewish sect whose veneration of Ezra bordered on deification.
[7]“
Uzair - Wikipedia
- Mun’im Sirry (2014). Scriptural Polemics: The Qur’an and Other Religions. Oxford University Press. p. 48.
- ^ a b G. D. Newby, A History Of The Jews Of Arabia, 1988, University Of South Carolina Press, p. 59 (quoted in Was `Uzayr (Ezra) Called The Son Of God? by M S M Saifullah & Mustafa Ahmed
” Rabbi Allen Maller states that there is a hadith in
sunan Tirmidhi which states that Jews worship their rabbis, because they accept what their rabbis say over the Word of God. He affirms this to be true because Orthodox Jews practice Judaism based on the rabbi’s interpretation of the oral Torah. He also cites that ibn Abbas narrated that four Jews believed that Uzayr was the son of God.
[26] “
Uzair - Wikipedia
Rabbi Allen Maller.
“Do Jews Worship Ezra? – IslamiCity”.
http://www.islamicity.org.
Regards
_________________
Verse (5:18) – English Translation
Arberry: Say the Jews and Christians,
‘We are the sons of God, and His beloved ones.’ Say: ‘Why then does He chastise you for your sins? No; you are mortals, of His creating; He forgives whom He will, and He chastises whom He will.’ For to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and of the earth, and all that is between them; to Him is the homecoming.
The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation